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The castle of Berlanga de Duero is located in the town of the same name, it belongs to the province of Soria and was built between the 15th century when it served as a stately castle, and in the 16th when it was transformed into an artillery fortress. Previously, in the 10th and 11th centuries, there was a Muslim fortress that, in the 12th, after the Castilian conquest, was expanded with the walled outer belt that is preserved.

Bordered by the Escalote river and embraced by the Duero, it is crowned by the imposing silhouette of the castle that watches over it from the Coborrón. The monumental complex is made up of the remains of the late medieval fortress (15th century), the artillery fortress from the Renaissance period (16th century), the wall that surrounds the hill at its base (12th century), and the Palace of the Dukes of Frías ( century XVI).

The set began between the years 1460 and 1480 by order of D. Luis Tovar and Mrs. María de Guzmán, who ordered the erection of the manor house, to serve as a defensive fortress and family residence, on a previous castle located on top of the hill, where the primitive town of Berlanga was located, protected by the wall located at the foot of the hill.

In the year 1512 the new castle, configured as an artillery fortress, was designed and began to be executed for military purposes. This new fortress was adapted both to the steep topography of the terrain and to the previous construction (the stately medieval castle).

The construction program of the Tovar and the Dukes of Frías lineages also included the erection of the palace in the interior enclosure of the 12th-century wall, adapted to new ways of life. This palace and its intramural gardens structured on various levels suffered, in 1811, a fire and destruction by Napoleonic troops, so that today only its main facade remains. Second.Wiki

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Austria, officially the Republic of Austria, is a landlocked country in the southern part of Central Europe, located on the Eastern Alps. It is composed of nine federated states, one of which is Vienna, Austria’s capital and largest city. Austria is bordered by Germany to the northwest, the Czech Republic to the north, Slovakia to the northeast, Hungary to the east, Slovenia and Italy to the south, and Switzerland and Liechtenstein to the west. Austria occupies an area of 83,879 km² (32,386 sq mi) and has a population of nearly 9 million people. While Austrian German is the country’s official language, many Austrians communicate informally in a variety of Bavarian dialects.

Austria initially emerged as a margraviate around 976 and developed into a duchy and archduchy. In the 16th century, Austria started serving as the heart of the Habsburg Monarchy and the junior branch of the House of Habsburg – one of the most influential royal dynasties in history. As an archduchy, it was a major component and administrative center of the Holy Roman Empire. Early in the 19th century, Austria established its own empire, which became a great power and the leading force of the German Confederation, but pursued its own course independently of the other German states following its defeat in the Austro-Prussian War in 1866. In 1867, in compromise with Hungary, the Austria-Hungary Dual Monarchy was established.

Austria was involved in World War I under Emperor Franz Joseph following the assassination of Archduke Ferdinand, the presumptive successor to the Austro-Hungarian throne. After the defeat and the dissolution of the Monarchy, the Republic of German-Austria was proclaimed with the intent of union with Germany, but the Allied Powers did not support the new state and it remained unrecognized. In 1919 the First Austrian Republic became the legal successor of Austria. In 1938, the Austrian-born Adolf Hitler, who became the Chancellor of the German Reich, achieved the annexation of Austria by the Anschluss. Following the defeat of Nazi Germany in 1945 and an extended period of Allied occupation, Austria was re-established as a sovereign and self-governing democratic nation known as the Second Republic.

Austria is a parliamentary representative democracy with a directly elected Federal President as head of state and a Chancellor as head of the federal government. Major urban areas of Austria include Vienna, Graz, Linz, Salzburg, and Innsbruck. Austria is consistently ranked in the top 20 richest countries in the world by GDP per capita terms. The country has achieved a high standard of living and in 2018 was ranked 20th in the world for its Human Development Index. Vienna consistently ranks in the top internationally on quality-of-life indicators.

The Second Republic declared its perpetual neutrality in foreign political affairs in 1955. Austria has been a member of the United Nations since 1955 and joined the European Union in 1995. It plays host to the OSCE and OPEC and is a founding member of the OECD and Interpol. Austria also signed the Schengen Agreement in 1995 and adopted the euro currency in 1999. Wikipedia

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Soria (Spanish pronunciation: [ˈsoɾja]) is a municipality and a Spanish city, located on the Douro River in the east of the autonomous community of Castile and León and capital of the province of Soria. Its population is 38,881 (INE, 2017), 43.7% of the provincial population. The municipality has a surface area of 271,77 km²,^[2] with a density of 144.97 inhabitants/km². Situated at about 1065 meters above sea level, Soria is the second-highest provincial capital in Spain.

Although there are remains of settlements from the Iron Age and Celtiberian times, Soria itself enters history with its repopulation between 1109 and 1114, by the Aragonese king Alfonso I the Battler. A strategic enclave due to the struggles for territory between the kingdoms of Castile, Navarre, and Aragon, Soria became part of Castile definitively in 1134, during the reign of Alfonso VII. In Soria was born Alfonso VIII, and Alfonso X had his court established when he received the offer to the throne of the Holy Roman Empire. In Soria, the deposed King James IV of Mallorca died, and John I of Castile married. Booming during the Late Middle Ages thanks to its border location and its control over the bovine industry, Soria went into a slow decline over the next few centuries. It was seriously damaged during the Peninsular War.

The city preserves an important architectural heritage (extensive medieval walls, Renaissance palaces, and architecturally distinctive Romanesque churches) and is home to the Numantine Museum (with pieces from the nearby Celtiberian city of Numantia). Soria’s football team CD Numancia is named after this city. It is one of the smallest cities to ever have had a team in Spain’s top division La Liga.

Today, its population of 38,881 makes Soria the least populated provincial capital of Castile and León and the second least populated in Spain (after Teruel). Particularly important in its economy is the agri-food industry, while an increasing number of tourists are attracted by its cultural heritage. Soria was mentioned by UNESCO as a good example when including the Mediterranean diet in its Representative List of the Intangible Cultural Heritage of Humanity. Wikipedia

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