James' World 2

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Old City or Inner City is the historical core of Baku, the capital of Azerbaijan. The Old City is the most ancient part of Baku, which is surrounded by walls which were easily defended. In 2007, the Old City had a population of about 3000 people. In December 2000, the Old City of Baku, including the Palace of the Shirvanshahs and Maiden Tower, became the first location in Azerbaijan to be classified as a UNESCO World Heritage Site.

It is widely accepted that the Old City, including its Maiden Tower, date at least to the 12th century, with some researchers contending that construction dates as far back as the 7th century. The question has not been completely settled.

During this medieval period of Baku, such monuments as the Synyg Gala Minaret (11th century), the fortress walls and towers (11th–12th centuries), the Maiden Tower, the Multani Caravanserai and Hajji Gayyib bathhouse (15th century), the Palace of the Shirvanshahs (15th–16th centuries), the Bukhara Caravanserai and Gasimbey bathhouse (16th century) were built.

In 1806, when Baku was occupied by the Russian Empire during the Russo-Persian War (1804–13), there were 500 households and 707 shops, and a population of 7,000 in the Old City (then the only neighborhood of Baku) whom were almost all ethnic Tats. Between 1807 and 1811, the city walls were repaired and the fortifications extended. The city had two gates: the Salyan Gates and the Shemakha Gates. The city was protected by dozens of cannons set on the walls. The port was re-opened for trade, and in 1809 a customs office was established.

It was during this period that Baku started to extend beyond the city walls, and new neighborhoods emerged. Thus the terms Inner City (Azerbaijani: İçəri Şəhər) and Outer City (Azerbaijani: Bayır Şəhər) came into use. Referring to the early Russian rule, Bakuvian actor Huseyngulu Sarabski wrote in his memoirs: Wikipedia

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An image from Old City (Baku)

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The castle of Berlanga de Duero is located in the town of the same name, it belongs to the province of Soria and was built between the 15th century when it served as a stately castle, and in the 16th when it was transformed into an artillery fortress. Previously, in the 10th and 11th centuries, there was a Muslim fortress that, in the 12th, after the Castilian conquest, was expanded with the walled outer belt that is preserved.

Bordered by the Escalote river and embraced by the Duero, it is crowned by the imposing silhouette of the castle that watches over it from the Coborrón. The monumental complex is made up of the remains of the late medieval fortress (15th century), the artillery fortress from the Renaissance period (16th century), the wall that surrounds the hill at its base (12th century), and the Palace of the Dukes of Frías ( century XVI).

The set began between the years 1460 and 1480 by order of D. Luis Tovar and Mrs. María de Guzmán, who ordered the erection of the manor house, to serve as a defensive fortress and family residence, on a previous castle located on top of the hill, where the primitive town of Berlanga was located, protected by the wall located at the foot of the hill.

In the year 1512 the new castle, configured as an artillery fortress, was designed and began to be executed for military purposes. This new fortress was adapted both to the steep topography of the terrain and to the previous construction (the stately medieval castle).

The construction program of the Tovar and the Dukes of Frías lineages also included the erection of the palace in the interior enclosure of the 12th-century wall, adapted to new ways of life. This palace and its intramural gardens structured on various levels suffered, in 1811, a fire and destruction by Napoleonic troops, so that today only its main facade remains. Second.Wiki

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An image of Berlanga De Duero Castle

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