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Life after death: how the pandemic has transformed our psychic landscape
December 15, 2021
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Why “F = ma” is the most important equation in physics
December 15, 2021
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If there’s one equation that people learn about physics — and no, not Einstein’s E = mc2 — it’s Newton’s F = ma. Despite the fact that it’s been in widespread use for some ~350 years now since Newton first put it forth in the late 17th century, it rarely makes the list of most important equations. Yet it’s the one that physics students learn more than any other at the introductory level, and it remains important as we advance: through our undergraduate educations, through graduate school, in both physics and engineering, and even when we move on to engineering, calculus, and some very intense and advanced concepts.
F = ma, despite its apparent simplicity, keeps on delivering new insights to those who study it, and has done so for centuries. Part of the reason why it’s so undervalued is because it’s so ubiquitous: After all, if you’re going to learn anything about physics, you’re going to learn about Newton, and this very equation is the key statement of Newton’s second law. In addition, it’s just three parameters — force, mass, and acceleration — related through an equals sign. While it might seem like there’s very little to it, the truth is that there’s a fantastic world of physics that opens up when you investigate the depths of F = ma. Let’s dive in.
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When describing any object that’s acted upon by an outside force, Newton’s famous F = ma is the equation that describes how its motion will evolve with time. Although it’s a seemingly simple statement and a seemingly simple equation, there’s an entire Universe to explore encoded in this seemingly straightforward relationship. (Credit: Dieterich01/Pixabay)
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Missed News 755
December 15, 2021
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Croatia Coastline
December 14, 2021
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Croatia, officially the Republic of Croatia, is a country at the crossroads of Central and Southeast Europe on the Adriatic Sea. Croatia borders Slovenia to the northwest, Hungary to the northeast, Serbia to the east, Bosnia and Herzegovina and Montenegro to the southeast, and shares a maritime border with Italy to the west and southwest. Its capital and largest city, Zagreb, forms one of the country’s primary subdivisions, with twenty counties. Croatia has an area of 56,594 square kilometers (21,851 square miles) and a population of 4.07 million.
The Croats arrived in the 6th century and organized the territory into two duchies by the 9th century. Croatia was first internationally recognized as independent on 7 June 879 during the reign of Duke Branimir. Tomislav became the first king by 925, elevating Croatia to the status of a kingdom. During the succession crisis after the Trpimirović dynasty ended, Croatia entered a personal union with Hungary in 1102. In 1527, faced with Ottoman conquest, the Croatian Parliament elected Ferdinand I of Austria to the Croatian throne. In October 1918, the State of Slovenes, Croats, and Serbs, independent from Austria-Hungary, was proclaimed in Zagreb, and in December 1918, merged into the Kingdom of Yugoslavia. Following the Axis invasion of Yugoslavia in April 1941, most of Croatia was incorporated into a Nazi-installed puppet state, the Independent State of Croatia. A resistance movement led to the creation of the Socialist Republic of Croatia, which after the war became a founding member and constituent of the Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia. On 25 June 1991, Croatia declared independence, and the War of Independence was fought for four years following the declaration.
A sovereign state, Croatia is a republic governed under a parliamentary system. It is a member of the European Union, the United Nations, the Council of Europe, NATO, the World Trade Organization, and a founding member of the Union for the Mediterranean. An active participant in United Nations peacekeeping, Croatia has contributed troops to the International Security Assistance Force and took a nonpermanent seat on the United Nations Security Council for the 2008–2009 term. Since 2000, the Croatian government has invested in infrastructure, especially transport routes and facilities along the Pan-European corridors.
Croatia is classified by the World Bank as a high-income economy and ranks very high on the Human Development Index. Service, industrial sectors, and agriculture dominate the economy, respectively. Tourism is a significant source of revenue, with Croatia ranked among the 20 most popular tourist destinations. The state controls a part of the economy, with substantial government expenditure. The European Union is Croatia’s most important trading partner. Croatia provides social security, universal health care, and tuition-free primary and secondary education while supporting culture through public institutions and corporate investments in media and publishing. Wikipedia
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An image of Croatia Coastline
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‘Concerning’ asteroid will break into Earth’s orbit in a week: NASA
December 14, 2021
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NASA has warned that a giant asteroid bigger than the Eiffel Tower will break into Earth’s orbit in just over a week.
The 1,082-foot space rock is heading our way and should skim past us on December 11.
NASA has its eye on Asteroid 4660 Nereus because it’s well over 492 feet long and will come within 4.6 million miles of Earth.
That puts it in the “potentially hazardous” category.
There’s no need to panic, though, as Asteroid Nereus isn’t expected to impact Earth.
If all goes well, it should shoot past our planet at 14,700 miles per hour.
NASA is expecting the space rock to stay 2.4 million miles away from us.
That’s about 10 times the distance between Earth and the moon.
That may seem pretty far away, but it’s actually close as near-Earth asteroids go.
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A gigantic 1,082-foot asteroid is set to approach Earth’s orbit on December 11, according to NASA. Getty Images/Science Photo Libra
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The 8 ways that all the elements in the Universe are made
December 14, 2021
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The Universe’s normal matter consists, humbly, of atoms.
Every atom’s nucleus contains protons, whose number determines that element’s properties.
Over 100 elements, sortable into a periodic table, are presently known.
Only eight processes occur to create them all.
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The Universe itself, through a variety of nuclear processes involving stars and stellar remnants, as well as other means, can naturally copiously produce nearly 100 elements of the periodic table. There are only 8 total processes, both natural and human-made, that cause them all. (Credit: ESO/L. Calçada/M. Kornmesser)
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Missed News 754
December 14, 2021
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Central Kalahari Game Reserve
December 13, 2021
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Central Kalahari Game Reserve is an extensive national park in the Kalahari Desert of Botswana. Established in 1961 it covers an area of 52,800 square kilometers (20,400 sq mi) (larger than the Netherlands, and almost 10% of Botswana’s total land area), making it the second-largest game reserve in the world.
The Bushmen, or San, have inhabited the lands for thousands of years since they roamed the area as nomadic hunters. However, since the mid-1990s the Botswana government has tried to relocate the Bushmen from the reserve, claiming they were a drain on financial resources despite revenues from tourism. In 1997, three-quarters of the entire San population were relocated from the reserve, and in October 2005 the government had resumed the forced relocation into resettlement camps outside of the park leaving only about 250 permanent occupiers. In 2006 a Botswana court proclaimed the eviction illegal and affirmed the Bushmen’s right to return to living in the reserve. However, as of 2015 most Bushmen are blocked from access to their traditional lands in the reserve. A nationwide ban on hunting made it illegal for the Bushmen to practice their traditional hunter-gatherer lifestyle, despite allowing private game ranches to provide hunting opportunities for tourists.
In 2014 a diamond mine called Ghaghoo operated by Gem Diamonds opened in the southeast portion of the reserve. The company estimated that the mine could yield $4.9 billion worth of diamonds. The Rapaport Diamond Report, a diamond-industry pricing guide, stated, “Ghaghoo’s launch was not without controversy […] given its location on the ancestral land of the Bushmen”.
A huge bush fire in and around the park in the middle of September 2008 burnt around 80 percent of the reserve. The origin of the fire remains unknown.
This park contains wildlife such as giraffe, elephant, white rhinoceros, Cape buffalo, spotted hyena, brown hyena, honey badger, meerkat, yellow mongoose, warthog, cheetah, caracal, Cape wild dog, black-backed jackal, bat-eared fox, cape fox, leopard, lion, wildebeest, zebra, eland, sable antelope, gemsbok, springbok, steenbok, impala, greater kudu, aardvark, cape ground squirrel, cape hare, cape porcupine, chacma baboon, red hartebeest, and ostrich. The land is mostly flat, and gently undulating covered with bush and grasses covering the sand dunes, and areas of larger trees. Many of the river valleys are fossilized with salt pans. Four fossilized rivers meander through the reserve including Deception Valley which began to form around 16,000 years ago. Wikipedia
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An image from Central Kalahari Game Reserve
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Why is quantum theory so strange? The weirdness could be in our heads
December 13, 2021
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PARTICLES that also act like waves; the “spooky action at a distance” of entanglement; those dead-and-alive cats. Small wonder people often trot out physicist Richard Feynman’s line that “nobody understands quantum mechanics”. With quantum theory, we have developed an exceedingly successful description of how fundamental reality works. It also amounts to a full-frontal assault on our intuitions about how reality should work.
Or does it? “It only seems strange to us because our immediate everyday experience of the world is so very limited,” says Sean Carroll at the California Institute of Technology. Intuitive-feeling classical physics is largely devoted to describing macroscopic objects – the things we see and feel directly in the world around us. “It should not be surprising that this breaks down when we push it into domains that we never experience directly,” says Carroll.
There is a big difference between seeming strange and being strange, too. “If quantum mechanics is right, it can’t truly be strange – it’s how nature works,” says Carroll. You can say something similar, after all, about other areas of physics, such as Albert Einstein’s space-and-time-warping theories of relativity. Their effects only truly kick in at close to light speed, or in humongous gravitational fields of the sort, we never experience, so their picture of the world seems alien to us.
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Physicists Confirm The Existence of Time Crystals in Epic Quantum Computer Simulation
December 13, 2021
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Are you in the market for a loophole in the laws that forbid perpetual motion? Knowing you’ve got yourself an authentic time crystal takes more than a keen eye for high-quality gems.
In a new study, an international team of researchers used Google’s Sycamore quantum computing hardware to double-check their theoretical vision of a time crystal, confirming it ticks all of the right boxes for an emerging form of technology we’re still getting our head around.
Similar to conventional crystals made of endlessly repeating units of atoms, a time crystal is an infinitely repeating change in a system, one that remarkably doesn’t require energy to enter or leave.
Though such a thing comes close to breaking certain laws of thermodynamics, the fact that the system’s entropy doesn’t increase means it should sit on the right side of physics.
In reality, such a crystal might look like an oscillation of some sort that doesn’t synchronize with the rest of the system’s rhythms. A laser tapping out a steady beat on your time crystal, for example, might make its particles’ spins flip only on every other tap.
This recalcitrant flip-flopping is a signature time crystal behavior and has been used as evidence for the design and production of time crystals in past experiments.
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The chip used in the creation of a time crystal. (Google Quantum AI)
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