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In the movie “Predator,” an alien uses a cloaking device to hide in plain sight, but the effect is far from perfect: The alien’s attempt to conceal itself is thwarted by distortions of light bending around it. Now, researchers have built an ultrathin “invisibility cloak” that gets around this problem, by turning objects into perfect, flat mirrors.
Invisibility cloaks are designed to bend light around an object, but materials that do this are typically hard to shape and only work from narrow angles — if you walk around the cloaked object, for instance, it’s visible. But a new cloak avoids that problem, and is thin and flexible enough to be wrapped around an object of any shape, the researchers said. It can also be “tuned” to match whatever background is behind it — or can even create illusions of what’s there, they added.
Led by Xiang Zhang, director of materials science at Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, the group constructed a thin film consisting of a 50-nanometer-thick layer of magnesium fluoride topped by a varying pattern of tiny, brick-shaped gold antennas, each 30 nanometers thick. (For comparison, an average strand of human hair is about 100,000 nanometers wide.) The “bricks” were built in six different sizes, ranging from about 30 to 220 nanometers long and 90 to 175 nanometers wide.
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An illustration of the ultrathin “invisibility” cloak. Light reflects off the cloak (shown by the red arrows) as if it were reflecting off a flat mirror. Courtesy of Xiang Zhang group, Berkeley Lab/UC Berkeley
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