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This New Discovery Could Lead to a Cure for Parkinson’s Disease

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The cells in your immune system eat 100 billion dead cells in your body every day. 

But sometimes, your body eats living cells, too — even though it’s not supposed to. Scientists don’t know why, but a new study from a team at the Salk Institute says that cellular barbarism might be the key to treating a host of neurodegenerative diseases.

Most people think by the time you’re an adult, you’re done making new neurons. But some parts of your brain are molecular busybodies and want to keep making them, so you end up with a lot more neurons than you need, and they end up dying.

To keep the neurons in check and not turn your body into a big neural graveyard, your immune system uses what are called microglia to clean out the dead neurons. Microglia are pretty much the trash collectors of your central nervous system. Unlike synaptic pruning, which just nibbles off the connections between neurons, this process — called phagocytosis — involves eating entire cells.

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Landmark Alzheimer’s Study Pinpoints Protein That Protects Aging Brain

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The conundrum has stumped doctors for years. Why do neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer’s affect only the elderly? Why do some people live to be over 100 with normal brain functioning while others develop dementia decades earlier?

Now, a new study by Harvard scientists points to a possible answer, one that could spark further research that — ultimately — could lead to new drugs and treatments for dementia.

Researchers have found that a protein active during fetal brain development, called REST, switches back on later in life to protect aging neurons from various stresses, including the toxic effects of abnormal proteins. But in those with Alzheimer’s and mild cognitive impairment, the protein — RE1-Silencing Transcription factor — is absent from key brain regions.

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