September 12, 2015
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Science
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Fossils belonging to a previously unknown species of human relative have been discovered in a cave system northwest of Johannesburg, South Africa, an international team of scientists announced Thursday.
The discovery of Homo naledi is expected to shed new light on the human family tree, according to a written statement released by the National Geographic Society, the University of Witwatersrand, and the South African Department of Science and Technology.
What’s more, the fossils seem to indicate that H. naledi deposited the bodies of its dead in a remote part of the cave — a behavior previously believed to have been practiced only by humans. In all, an astonishing 1,550 fossils belonging H. naledi were found in the Rising Star cave system.
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http://www.huffingtonpost.com/entry/new-species-of-human-relative-discovered_55f09c1ce4b093be51bd679f
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December 18, 2014
Mohenjo
Science
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Relaxing in front of a crackling fire (or at least the Netflix version) is one of the most enjoyable ways to spend a cold winter evening. And now scientists know why.
Watching a fire lowers blood pressure, according to new University of Alabama research. Our enjoyment of gazing at fire may be rooted in evolution, as the act of gathering around a fire dates back to prehistoric times.
The researchers, led by anthropologist Christopher Lynn, asked 226 adults to watch a video of a fireplace, and took their blood pressure before and after watching the video. They also asked participants to report on their experiences of the fire.
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So relaxing – Jacques Croizer via Getty Images
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http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2014/11/18/the-evolutionary-reason-w_n_6171508.html?utm_hp_ref=science
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December 4, 2013
Mohenjo
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Are we one outcrop closer to unraveling the mystery of Stonehenge?
For years researchers have tried to pinpoint exactly where the enormous stones used in the English monument came from–and how they ended up on an otherwise grassy Salisbury Plain.
It’s long been thought that the iconic monument’s outer stones were hauled from a sandstone quarry situated 20 to 30 miles away, National Geographic reported. The inner stones, however, have presented a tougher question.
Currently, there are two prevailing theories about the inner stones’ origins. One is that an ancient glacier simply pushed them near to the site where the monument was erected, according to NatGeo. The other is that they were somehow hauled there by some exceedingly enterprising early humans.
Now a team of researchers say they’ve located the rocky Welsh hill where some of Stonehenge’s inner stones originated. The team — made up of archaeologists and geologists from several United Kingdom institutions — claim to have matched a type of stone found at Stonehenge, called a spotted dolerite bluestone, to the Carn Goedog outcrop in Wales, the BBC reported.
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November 28, 2013
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The ancient genomes, one from a Neanderthal and one from a different archaic human group, the Denisovans, were presented on 18 November at a meeting at the Royal Society in London. They suggest that interbreeding went on between the members of several ancient human-like groups living in Europe and Asia more than 30,000 years ago, including an as-yet unknown human ancestor from Asia.
“What it begins to suggest is that we’re looking at a ‘Lord of the Rings’-type world — that there were many hominid populations,” says Mark Thomas, an evolutionary geneticist at University College London who was at the meeting but was not involved in the work.
The first Neanderthal and the Denisovan genome sequences revolutionized the study of ancient human history, not least because they showed that these groups interbred with anatomically modern humans, contributing to the genetic diversity of many people alive today.
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October 24, 2013
Mohenjo
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The earliest, now-extinct human lineages, once thought to be multiple species, may actually have been one species, researchers now controversially suggest.
Modern humans, Homo sapiens, are the only living member of the human lineage, Homo, which is thought to have arisen in Africa about 2 million years ago at the beginning of the ice age, also referred to as the Pleistocene Epoch. Many extinct human species were thought to once roam the Earth, such as Homo habilis, suspected to be among the first stone-tool makers; the relatively larger-brained Homo rudolfensis; the relatively slender Homo ergaster; and Homo erectus, the first to regularly keep tools it made.
To learn more about the roots of the human family tree, scientists investigated a completely intact, approximately 1.8-million-year-old skull excavated from the medieval hilltop town of Dmanisi in the Republic of Georgia. Archaeological excavations there about 30 years ago unexpectedly revealed that Dmanisi is one of the oldest-known sites for ancient human species out of Africa and the most complete collection of Homo erectus skulls and jaws found so far. The world’s largest, extinct cheetah species once lived in the area, and scientists cannot rule out whether it fed on these early humans.
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An artist’s conception revealing what “Skull 5” may have looked like some 1.8 million years ago when he (the scientists suspect the remains come from a male) lived..
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October 18, 2013
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Researchers studying clay balls from Mesopotamia have discovered clues to a lost code that was used for record-keeping about 200 years before writing was invented.
The clay balls may represent the world’s “very first data storage system,” at least the first that scientists know of, said Christopher Woods, a professor at the University of Chicago’s Oriental Institute, in a lecture at Toronto’s Royal Ontario Museum, where he presented initial findings.
The balls, often called “envelopes” by researchers, were sealed and contain tokens in a variety of geometric shapes — the balls varying from golf ball-size to baseball-size. Only about 150 intact examples survive worldwide today.
The researchers used high-resolution CT scans and 3D modeling to look inside more than 20 examples that were excavated at the site of Choga Mish, in western Iran, in the late 1960s. They were created about 5,500 years ago at a time when early cities were flourishing in Mesopotamia.
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Anna Ressman/Courtesy Oriental Institute of the Un
Archaeologists are using CT scanning and 3D modelling to crack a lost prehistoric code hidden inside clay balls, dating to some 5,500 years ago, found in Mesopotamia.
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September 1, 2013
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The ancient Romans were pretty advanced for their time — so advanced that they may even have been pioneers of what we now call nanotechnology.
In fact, an ornately decorated Roman artifact, known as the Lycurgus cup, is inspiring researchers to explore practical applications of the ancient technology.
Created sometime in the Fourth Century, the goblet exhibits a color-changing property that makes its glass take on different hues, depending on the light source — just watch the cup in the video above.
Scientists were long at a loss to explain the cup’s color changes. Then in the 1990s they discovered tiny particles of silver and gold in the cup’s glass. According to Smithsonian Magazine, “When hit with light, electrons belonging to the metal flecks vibrate in ways that alter the color depending on the observer’s position.”
Now, a research team is attempting to build upon the unique technology and apply it in the medical field.
Gang Logan Liu, an University of Illinois assistant professor who has studied the Lycurgus cup for several years, described it as an “icon for inspiration.”
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August 16, 2013
Mohenjo
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Almost every man alive can trace his origins to one man who lived about 135,000 years ago, new research suggests. And that ancient man likely shared the planet with the mother of all women.
The findings, detailed today (Aug. 1) in the journal Science, come from the most complete analysis of the male sex chromosome, or the Y chromosome, to date. The results overturn earlier research, which suggested that men’s most recent common ancestor lived just 50,000 to 60,000 years ago.
Despite their overlap in time, ancient “Adam” and ancient “Eve” probably didn’t even live near each other, let alone mate.
“Those two people didn’t know each other,” said Melissa Wilson Sayres, a geneticist at the University of California, Berkeley, who was not involved in the study.
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July 30, 2013
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“None of us in the team have ever seen a lead coffin within a stone coffin before,” site director Mathew Morris of the University of Leicester Archaeological Services said in a written statement. “We will now need to work out how to open it safely, as we don’t want to damage the contents when we are opening the lid.”
The team announced their plans to pull the lid off the tomb — the only intact stone coffin uncovered at the site — earlier this month. At the time, Morris and his colleagues speculated that the coffin might contain the remains of a knight, such as Sir William de Moton of Peckleton, or one of two high-status friars.
The researchers decided to excavate the site after finding the remains of King Richard III in an unmarked grave beneath a parking lot last September. However, it wasn’t until earlier this year that tests confirmed the identity of the skeleton as the English king who ruled from from 1483 to 1485.
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http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2013/07/29/coffin-richard-iii-burial-site-inside-tomb_n_3671397.html?ref=topbar
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July 6, 2013
Mohenjo
Science
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An 1,800-year-old stone carving of what may be the head of a Roman god was recently found in an ancient garbage dump, British archaeologists announced today (July 3).
An undergraduate student at Durham University discovered the largely intact head during an archaeological dig at the Binchester Roman Fort, a major Roman Empire fort built around A.D. 100 in northeastern England’s County Durham.
Archaeologists involved in the dig believe that somebody probably tossed the 8-inch-long (20 centimeters) statue in the garbage when the building was abandoned in the fourth century, during the fall of the Roman Empire.
The team is still not certain who the carved head is meant to represent, though they have noted its resemblance to a similar stone head discovered in 1862 inscribed with the name “Antenociticus” — a Celtic deity associated with military prayers in that particular region.
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http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2013/07/05/ancient-carving-roman-gods-head-discovered-english-garbage_n_3546365.html?ref=topbar
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