James' World 2

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Borealopelta markmitchelli found its way back into the sunlight in 2017, millions of years after it had died. This armored dinosaur is so magnificently preserved that we can see what it looked like in life. Almost the entire animal—the skin, the armor that coats its skin, the spikes along its side, most of its body and feet, even its face—survived fossilization. It is, according to Dr. Donald Henderson, curator of dinosaurs at the Royal Tyrrell Museum, a one-in-a-billion find.

Beyond its remarkable preservation, this dinosaur is an important key to understanding aspects of Early Cretaceous ecology, and it shows how this species may have lived within its environment. Since its remains were discovered, scientists have studied its anatomy, its armor, and even what it ate in its last days, uncovering new and unexpected insight into an animal that went extinct approximately 100 million years ago.

Down by the sea

Borealopelta is a nodosaur, a type of four-legged ankylosaur with a straight tail rather than a tail club. Its finding in 2011 in an ancient marine environment was a surprise, as the animal was terrestrial.

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Royal Tyrrell Museum of Palaeontology

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In many places, cash is no longer king. While you still can manage to live a cash-only lifestyle if you want to, few of us do. Some of us don’t even carry cash at all, relying on our phones and credit cards, tapping and swiping at stores, and using apps like Venmo or Cash App for personal transactions that would once have involved passing a wad of crumpled bills to someone.

Even when we talk about the necessity of an emergency fund, we’re talking about money in a bank account, not cash stuffed under a mattress. Money in a bank will earn interest, be insured against robbery, and will be accessible in some way no matter where you are.

But cash can still be useful. And in an emergency, cash can even be necessary. That’s why you should definitely keep a modest amount of cash at home. But how much?

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Photo: Shutterstock (Shutterstock)

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While money can’t buy lasting happiness, it can buy you a whole lot of pleasure. The problem is, pleasurable feelings only last till the newness wears off—when the final episode plays, or the bottle of wine runs dry, the happiness you might have briefly felt also disappears.

Material items and bought experiences can make us feel good. But by only focusing on what makes us feel good, we bypass real, sustainable happiness and settle for fleeting pleasure that needs constant replenishing. That puts us into a vicious cycle of always trying to feed an insatiable need. And that is nowhere near happiness.

Happiness is often misunderstood and misrepresented by what shows up in our feeds or what we see in the media. We tend to think it can only exist in the absence of “bad stuff,” so we spend money to avoid the unfavorable and uncomfortable. But in reality, happiness can be found when we confront (and in some cases even embrace) the discomfort, so we experience the depths of our lows and heights of our highs with a lens of self-awareness of what it means to truly be alive. This is the most important form of work in our lives: the work we do on ourselves, and it has little to do with the pursuit of pleasure.

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Happiness

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Parenting is tough: the lack of sleep, the baby that cries for hours for no reason, the toddler that has a tantrum for all too many reasons. But being a mother is often especially hard.

This isn’t just because mothers often do the lion’s share of hands-on child raising. It is because motherhood can come with an additional layer of judgment, guilt, and shame.

The way people tend to think about motherhood can lead to intense pressure on mothers. It can also lead to some mothers feeling they have to criticize others’ decisions in order to defend their own.

In this way, mothers can be pitted against each other when they most need mutual support. Philosophy can’t make mothers’ lives easier by providing a cure for sleep deprivation. However, using the methods of analytic philosophy, we can identify problems in common thinking about motherhood.

This can help us to understand what might cause this judgment, guilt, and shame. It might also help mothers help each other.

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DGLimages / Alamy Stock Photo

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Side hustles are trending, and large numbers of people are starting, pursuing, and expanding their extra gigs. It makes sense given rising inflation, economic pressures, layoffs, and increasing levels of disengagement with traditional corporate jobs.

But there are some key factors to be aware of—which can increase the likelihood of your success with a side hustle and even influence where you start one.

The Trend

Officially, a side hustle is a job you do beyond your regular occupation or main source of income. You might do a side hustle for extra money, but you may also pursue a side gig as a way to test the waters on a new direction or to feed your passion in ways which are impossible through your regular full-time employment.

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A side hustle can be a great way to feed your passion.  Getty

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Immunotherapy is a new, groundbreaking approach to treating cancer that harnesses the body’s own natural defenses to fight tumors. Immunotherapy comes in many forms, including checkpoint inhibitors, which shut down a tumor’s ability to be invisible to the body’s immune system; antibodies that can stick to and attack a tumor; and genetically manipulated cells that become “natural killer cells.”

Ted Teknos, MD, President and Scientific Director of UH Seidman Cancer Center, explains how these medical wonders work and which cancers immunotherapies are most effective at treating. (a Podcast or a  long read)

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Nearly half of parents said they were raising their children differently than they had been raised.Credit…Kenny Holston for The New York Times

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The early morning wake-up has even become a TikTok trend coined the “five-to-nine before the nine-to-five,” where video montages illustrate a slow morning aesthetic of self-affirmations, workouts, and maybe even a head start into planning for the work day. It can make the rest of the world feel lazy. 

“The pressure to be a morning person is pretty intense,” says Samantha Snowden, a mindfulness teacher at Headspace, the popular meditation app. 

So, will waking up at 5 a.m. make all the difference to your day? Some experts say yes.

For starters, getting up earlier can improve confidence, Snowden says because it can feel like an accomplishment. And there’s something to be said for not constantly feeling like you’re in a rush, which only elevates stress levels and negatively impacts mental health.  

“It’s like always feeling like you are behind in a race you can’t possibly win, which isn’t useful for motivation or positivity,” says ​​Dr. Nikole Benders-Hadi, a psychiatrist based in New York and the medical director of behavioral health at Included Health, about the typical workday morning. 

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Why limit your snack time repertoire to stale granola bars and handfuls of chips? We’ve rounded up 15 of the most delicious, satiating, and simple recipes to upgrade your next 3pm break. (be sure to check them all out!)

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Healthy snacks

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Humans come in a rainbow of hues, from dark chocolate browns to nearly translucent whites.

This full kaleidoscope of skin colors was a relatively recent evolutionary development, according to biologists, occurring alongside the migration of modern humans out of Africa between 100,000 and 50,000 years ago.

The consensus among scientists has always been that lower levels of vitamin D at higher latitudes  — where the sun is less intense — caused the lightning effect when modern humans, who began darker-skinned, first migrated north.

But other factors might be at work, a new study suggests. From the varying effects of frostbite to the sexual preferences of early men, a host of theories have been reviewed.

Vitamin iDea

Vitamin D plays an important role in bone growth and the body’s natural protection against certain diseases, and the inability to absorb enough in areas of less-powerful sunlight would have decreased life expectancies in our African ancestors. The further north they trekked, the more vitamin D they needed and the lighter they got over the generations, due to natural selection.

This explanation accounts for the world’s gradients of skin color traveling south to north, the prevalence of vitamin D deficiency among African immigrants to higher latitudes, as well as the relatively darker skin of Canada’s Inuit peoples, who have good levels of vitamin D despite living in the Arctic, due to their diet rich in oily fish.

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A host of evolutionary pressures at work that contributed to the development of lighter skin, but for now, scientists aren’t sure exactly what produced white people. Image (Image credit: stockxpert)  Hmmmm….?

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