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Scientists Detect Water On Exoplanet, Opening New Chapter In Search For Alien Life

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The Milky Way is teeming with billions of planets, including many that are similar to our own. But how many of these alien worlds have water, and do any host extraterrestrial life?

No answers to those questions just yet. But astronomers using a new infrared technique say they’ve discovered water vapor in the atmosphere of a nearby gas giant planet called “tau Boötis b.”

The finding suggests that the technique may play an important role in identifying which exoplanets might be hospitable for life.

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An artist’s conception of a hot-Jupiter extrasolar planet orbiting a star similar to tau Boötes. | David Aguilar, Harvard-Smiths. Center Astrophysics
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Top Exoplanet Discoveries Of 2013 Include Some Pretty Freaky Places (PHOTOS)

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While astronomers didn’t bag that elusive first “alien Earth” in 2013, they made plenty of exciting exoplanet discoveries during the past year.

Here’s a list of the top exoplanet finds of 2013, from a tiny world about the size of Earth’s moon to a blue gas giant on which it rains molten glass:

The smallest exoplanet

In February, astronomers announced the discovery of Kepler-37b, the smallest alien world ever found around a sun-like star. The planet is about 2,400 miles (3,900 kilometers) wide, making it just slightly larger than Earth’s moon.

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exoplanet 2013

Data from NASA’s Kepler mission finds evidence for at least 100 billion planets in our galaxy. Image released January 3, 2013. | NASA
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First ‘Alien Earth’ Exoplanet Could Be Discovered In 2013 By Kepler Telescope, Astronomer Predicts

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The first truly Earth-like alien planet is likely to be spotted next year, an epic discovery that would cause humanity to reassess its place in the universe.

While astronomers have found a number of exoplanets over the last few years that share one or two key traits with our own world — such as size or inferred surface temperature — they have yet to bag a bona fide “alien Earth.” But that should change in 2013, scientists say.

“I’m very positive that the first Earth twin will be discovered next year,” said Abel Mendez, who runs the Planetary Habitability Laboratory at the University of Puerto Rico at Arecibo.

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First Alien Earth

More exoplanets than expected in the first year of the Habitable Exoplanets Catalog. Image released Dec. 6, 2012.

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