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The James Webb Space Telescope has enabled astronomers to see things they can’t explain.
At least, not yet.
In new research from Webb — the most powerful space observatory ever built — astronomers spent 50 hours peering into the deepest cosmos, and spotted some of the first galaxies ever formed, well over 13 billion years ago. Capturing such a rich cosmic vista, with the faintest objects humanity has ever glimpsed, is an impressive feat. But the data also reveals that these primeval galaxies emitted a phenomenal amount of energy into space — 10 times more than scientists predicted.
The “key” question is how these nascent galaxies achieved this, Pablo G. Pérez-González, an astrophysicist at the Center for Astrobiology in Spain, said in a statement. Strange black holes? Lively stars? Pérez-González is an author of the research, which was published in the scientific journal The Astrophysical Journal Letters.
The Webb telescope is an extremely sensitive instrument, with the ability to capture some of the farthest away light in space. That’s because Webb views a type of light we can’t see, called infrared, which travels in longer wavelengths than visible light. Crucially, ancient light is stretched as the universe expands, meaning it has changed and “redshifted.”
The powerful Webb, then, can see the energy created by early galaxies. The astronomers identified 44 galaxies that likely formed during the first 500 million years of the universe. Originally, this energy was emitted in the form of ultraviolet light, but it has also been stretched to infrared.
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