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Intelligence: A History

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As I was growing up in England in the latter half of the 20th century, the concept of intelligence loomed largely. It was aspired to, debated, and – most important of all – measured. At the age of 11, tens of thousands of us all around the country were ushered into desk-lined halls to take an IQ test known as the 11-Plus. The results of those few short hours would determine who would go to grammar school, to be prepared for university and the professions; who was destined for technical school and thence skilled work; and who would head to secondary modern school, to be drilled in the basics then sent out to a life of low-status manual labor.

The idea that intelligence could be quantified, like blood pressure or shoe size, was barely a century old when I took the test that would decide my place in the world. But the notion that intelligence could determine one’s station in life was already much older. It runs like a red thread through Western thought, from the philosophy of Plato to the policies of UK prime minister Theresa May. To say that someone is or is not intelligent has never been merely a comment on their mental faculties. It is always also a judgment on what they are permitted to do. Intelligence, in other words, is political.

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Click the link below for the article:

https://getpocket.com/explore/item/intelligence-a-history?utm_source=pocket-newtab

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Trump’s Republican Convention Speech

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Trump averaged at least 1 false statement every 56 seconds in his Republican convention speech — he spoke for more than an hour (worth repeating)

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https://twitter.com

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Missed News 359

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Global Seed Vault Svalbard Norway

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The Svalbard Global Seed Vault (Norwegian: Svalbard globale frøhvelv) is a secure seed bank on the Norwegian island of Spitsbergen in the remote Arctic Svalbard archipelago. Conservationist Cary Fowler, in association with the Consultative Group on International Agricultural Research (CGIAR), started the vault to preserve a wide variety of plant seeds that are duplicate samples, or “spare” copies, of seeds held in gene banks worldwide. The seed vault is an attempt to ensure against the loss of seeds in other genebanks during large-scale regional or global crises. The seed vault is managed under terms spelled out in a tripartite agreement among the Norwegian government, the Crop Trust, and the Nordic Genetic Resource Center (NordGen).

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An image of Global Seed Vault Svalbard Norway

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GPT-3, explained: This new language AI is uncanny, funny — and a big deal

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Last month, OpenAI, the Elon Musk-founded artificial intelligence research lab, announced the arrival of the newest version of an AI system it had been working on that can mimic human language, a model called GPT-3.

In the weeks that followed, people got the chance to play with the program. If you follow news about AI, you may have seen some headlines calling it a huge step forward, even a scary one.

I’ve now spent the past few days looking at GPT-3 in greater depth and playing around with it. I’m here to tell you: The hype is real. It has its shortcomings, but make no mistake: GPT-3 represents a tremendous leap for AI.

A year ago I sat down to play with GPT-3’s precursor dubbed (you guessed it) GPT-2. My verdict at the time was that it was pretty good. When given a prompt — say, a phrase or sentence — GPT-2 could write a decent news article, making up imaginary sources and organizations and referencing them across a couple of paragraphs. It was by no means intelligent — it didn’t really understand the world — but it was still an uncanny glimpse of what it might be like to interact with a computer that does.

A year later, GPT-3 is here, and it’s smarter. A lot smarter. OpenAI took the same basic approach it had taken for GPT-2 (more on this below) and spent more time training it with a bigger data set. The result is a program that is significantly better at passing various tests of language ability that machine learning researchers have developed to compare our computer programs. (You can sign up to play with GPT-3, but there’s a waitlist.)

But that description understates what GPT-3 is, and what it does.

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OpenAI co-founder and chair Greg Brockman, OpenAI co-founder, and CEO Sam Altman, and TechCrunch news editor Frederic Lardinois during TechCrunch Disrupt San Francisco 2019.Steve Jennings/Getty Images for TechCrunch

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Click the link below for the article:

https://www.vox.com/future-perfect/21355768/gpt-3-ai-openai-turing-test-language

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A wicked Man

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Presented below is part of Matthew Henry’s commentary on verse 1 of chapter 19 of the book of Proverbs, which applies perfectly to our esteemed 45th president:

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What will be the shame of a rich man, notwithstanding all his pomp? If he has a shallow head and an evil tongue, if he is perverse in his lips and is a fool if he is a wicked man and gets what he has by fraud and oppression, he is a fool, and an honest poor man is to be preferred far before him.

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Coronavirus (COVID-19)

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Florida Panther In Everglades

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There are Florida panthers in the Everglades, but did you know fewer than 100 wild panthers live in all of south Florida today? That number is up from about 20 in the 1970s, but the species is still endangered. … The Florida Panther National Wildlife Refuge (visited by about 8,000 people per year)

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An image of a Florida Panther In Everglades

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Why Don’t More Men Take Their Wives’ Last Names?

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In the run-up to marriage, many couples, particularly those of a more progressive bent, will encounter a problem: What is to be done about the last name?

Some have attempted work-arounds: the Smiths and Taylors who have become Smith-Taylors, Taylor-Smiths, or—more creative—Smilors. But there just isn’t always a good, fair option. (While many straight couples fall back on the option of a woman taking her husband’s last name, same-sex couples have no analogous default.)

And so it is that, even after generations of feminist progress, the expectation, at least for straight couples, has remained: Women take the man’s last name. Seventy-two percent of adults polled in a 2011 study said they believe a woman should give up her maiden name when she gets married, and half of those who responded said they believe that it should be a legal requirement, not a choice. In some states, married women could not legally vote under their maiden name until the mid-1970s.

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Photo from Heritage Images / Getty.

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Click the link below for the article:

https://getpocket.com/explore/item/why-don-t-more-men-take-their-wives-last-names?utm_source=pocket-newtab

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Astronomers say they’ve detected the most massive merger of two black holes ever discovered

 

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