James' World 2

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Bahjat Madi, 34, from the southern Gaza city of Rafah, has been in Belgium since 2022 and has been a resident since 2024. He is witnessing the fallout firsthand: Mr. Madi’s father is still in Gaza, he said, struggling to get out.

“I want to do anything for my father to be alive,” said Mr. Madi, who is bringing a court case to get his father’s visa application accepted remotely.

His father is seeking a humanitarian visa but is required to apply at the consulate in Jerusalem, which is all but impossible for someone trapped in Gaza. If he can get the visa, he might eventually be added to an evacuation list. It is a long shot and could take years.

“I want to talk to myself at night and say, ‘I do my best,’” Mr. Madi said. “But it’s not enough.”

For policymakers, the question is whether Europe will turn words of condemnation and concern into more powerful action. European public opinion has turned against the Israeli conduct of the war, but longstanding alliances and fraught political histories have kept nations like Germany and Italy from supporting major action.

“I haven’t seen any moment where such international momentum has built up in such a short time, so I think there’s a real opening,” said Kristina Kausch, deputy managing director for the German Marshall Fund South, a think tank focused on international relations. “But we will have to see what tangible commitments come, beyond the wording.”

“This is not only about Palestinians,” she added. “This is about whether the West, and Europe, can uphold international law and uphold multilateralism.”

Luxembourg announced last week that it would join Belgium, Britain, and a raft of other nations in recognizing a Palestinian state at the U.N. meeting in New York, a push spearheaded by President Emmanuel Macron of France that is meant to increase pressure on Israel. Last Tuesday, a United Nations commission investigating the war in Gaza said Israel was committing genocide against Palestinians, a topic poised to be prominent at the U.N. meeting. Israel calls such an accusation “distorted and false.”

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A rally in Brussels this month in support of Palestinians. European efforts to punish the Israeli government for its actions in Gaza have stalled amid opposition, notably from Germany.Credit…Marius Burgelman/Belga, via Agence France-Presse

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Since astronomers found the first planets outside our solar system in 1992 and the first planet around a sunlike star in 1995, scientists have sought the telltale glimmers, flickers, and wobbles that denote a distant world. Now, NASA has announced the number of confirmed exoplanets has cracked 6,000, reaching a total of 6,007.

The batch of 18 planets that bring us to this milestone are mostly rocky orbs between the size of Earth and Neptune—the most common type of planet found so far. Astronomers identified them with ground telescopes and NASA’s Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite (TESS), which is currently orbiting Earth, and even by combing through data from the U.S. space agency’s Kepler space telescope, which hasn’t operated in seven years.

“Everywhere we look, we find planets,” says Jessie Christiansen, chief scientist of the NASA Exoplanets Institute at the California Institute of Technology. “Every time you turn on a new telescope and point it at stars, we find planets—and that’s amazing. That could have not been the case; it could have been that the solar system was a weird fluke.”

The first exoplanets were found mostly by the gravitational pull they exert on their host stars: that pull causes a star to wobble, and this movement can be observed visibly or (far more often) detected via a change in the wavelength of stellar light. With the Kepler mission’s launch in 2009, more and more exoplanets were discovered via the so-called transit method: a regular flicker in a star’s light that occurs when its planet happens to pass between it and a watching telescope. The TESS mission, which launched in 2018, surveys the entire sky for transiting exoplanets and brought the number up even higher: nearly half of the 1,000 exoplanets that have been confirmed since 2022 were spotted by TESS. Less commonly, planets can also be imaged directly (if they’re bright enough and orbit far enough from their stars) or detected through changes in how light curves around a star because of its planet’s gravity.

“For the last year, we’ve basically been rewriting our software under the hood to cope with thousands of planets coming in at once,” Christiansen says. She predicts that the tally will hit 10,000 planets within a few years—and that soon more finds will come from the European Space Agency’s Gaia mission, which will release a batch of exoplanet data in 2026. NASA’s new Nancy Grace Roman Space Telescope, which could launch as early as next year, is set to survey the entire sky for even more worlds, potentially bringing the total to 100,000 exoplanets within the next six to seven years, she estimates. “And that’s partly why we’re madly redesigning all of our software so that we can accommodate trying to jam in 100,000 planets into an archive that’s only held a few thousand until now,” Christiansen adds.

But discovering planets is not just a numbers game. At a certain point, scientists begin to care more about understanding planets than finding them—even as the database keeps growing. NASA’s current flagship observatory, the James Webb Space Telescope, doesn’t scan the sky for new planets; it follows up to try to glimpse evidence of particular planets’ atmospheres and compositions. And the major telescope NASA envisions after Roman, the Habitable Worlds Observatory, will search candidate planets for signs of life.

“We’re kind of evolving out of the stamp-collecting phase of exoplanets and into the physics phase,” Christiansen says. Researchers hope to learn about planet populations: How do they form? How do they evolve? How do they migrate? “When we have a big enough sample, you actually start to be able to identify the dominant physics that’s happening,” she says. You’re no longer just asking “what”; you’re asking “why”—“and that’s, for me, where it gets exciting.

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Hmmmm… Is the Gospel their Example?

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If you type “defense.gov” into a browser to check the status of America’s military might, you’ll be redirected to “war.gov.” The country’s ability to project force around the world is again under the control of the Department of War — sort of. The return to the old name was accomplished by presidential executive order and could be undone by the next White House resident. Until then, or unless a court nixes the change, the rebranding from “Defense” to “War” will continue at great expense. The Trump administration and its recent predecessors have done much of their work through decrees issued by chief executives who have little patience for the legislative process. On Sept. 5, President Trump ordered that “the Department of Defense and the Office of the Secretary of Defense may be referred to as the Department of War and the Office of the Secretary of War, respectively.” The Pentagon is now changing seals, signage, and letterhead, to comply. The odd “referred to” language in the order acknowledges that the Department of War and the Department of the Navy were rolled into the then-new Department of Defense by law in the late 1940s . It would take another act of Congress to revert to the old name. The president can’t undo legislation, but he can order executive branch employees to change the website and adopt a nickname.

Of course, the next president could undo all of that just as easily — and expensively.

President Trump did much the same when he insisted that he’s outlawed burning the American flag via executive order. “You burn a flag, you get one year in jail,” he claimed in the Oval Office.

But the president has little power to make laws — especially those that clash with First Amendment protections. And the U.S. Supreme Court has made it clear that burning the flag is a protected form of expression . So, the executive order really only specifies that, if “an instance of American Flag desecration may violate an applicable State or local law, such as open burning restrictions, disorderly conduct laws, or destruction of property laws,” local authorities should be notified so they can pursue a prosecution.

This administration issues a lot of executive orders. On Sept. 6, the White House boasted that “No president has signed 200 Executive Orders this quickly since President Franklin D. Roosevelt.”

That’s a familiar message. In 2021, NPR noted that “In his first two weeks in office, President Biden has signed nearly as many executive orders as Franklin Roosevelt signed in his entire first month.”

Before that, The Washington Post acknowledged then-President Barack Obama’s similar flurry of executive actions. Some “have the force of law — unless they are repealed by another president.”

How can a note from the president of a republic have the force of law? It’s because executive orders, memoranda, and other actions are basically memos from the boss to employees of the executive branch. Modern laws are usually written so vaguely that details are left to be filled in by the agencies responsible for enforcement. Those agencies lie within the executive branch, and the president can direct his employees to reinterpret statutes so that what was once considered perfectly legal is now interpreted as a crime or vice versa. On hot-button issues like guns or the environment, that means business as usual can become a felony by order of a new president. And then it can be perfectly legal again four years later, with no change in the law — only in how it’s interpreted according to presidential decree.

There’s a lot of power inherent in turning people into felons on a whim. And there are votes to be gained by promising new interpretations of old laws.

“The last three presidents in particular have strengthened the powers of the office through an array of strategies,” Harvard Law School’s Erin Peterson  wrote  in 2019. “One approach that attracts particular attention — because it allows a president to act unilaterally, rather than work closely with Congress — is the issuing of executive orders.”

But what is done with a stroke of the pen can often be undone just as easily. On March 14, President Trump issued an executive order rescinding 19 of his predecessor’s actions . “This is in addition to the nearly 80 executive actions President Trump rescinded on Day One,” the White House commented. Then-President Biden did the same during his presidency sandwiched by Trump’s terms. The arbitrary nature of executive actions and their vulnerability to reversal once bothered the current president.

“I don’t like executive orders,” Trump  told Face the Nation’s John Dickerson in 2015 when Barack Obama was in office. “That is not what the country was based on.” He added, “So now (President Obama) goes around signing executive orders all over the place, which at some point they are going to be rescinded or they’re going to be rescinded by the courts.”

Since then, though, President Trump has gained a taste for ruling by decree. That started during his first term but really took off during the second. Not that unilateral actions from on-high go unchallenged. So far, BallotPedia counts almost 40 executive orders, memoranda, and proclamations regarding trade and tariffs. Those are headed to the Supreme Court after lower courts found the president exceeded his authority. Trump’s deployment of National Guard Troops to Los Angeles was  described  by U.S. District Court Judge Charles Breyer as “a serious violation of the Posse Comitatus Act.”

Former President Joe Biden also got pushback from the courts — repeatedly, when it came to forgiving student loans . So did Obama before him when he tried to enact immigration policy on his own say-so. U.S. presidents sometimes seem to forget that their efforts to turn the country into an elective monarchy may be gaining traction but haven’t yet fully succeeded. The courts have been pretty good at reminding them about the facts of constitutional life.

It would be helpful if Congress would also remember that it has a role to play. Our lawmakers appear to have become so accustomed to being bypassed that they’ve forgotten their jobs involve more than fulminating in front of television cameras and calling each other names. Congress is almost vestigial.

Maybe lawmakers could weigh in on what to call our military establishment. If they decide one way or the other, they could save a lot of wasted stationery and spare the country a good amount of expense.

If that helps to revive the legislative branch so that it asserts its prerogatives, slaps down the White House, and starts writing laws that aren’t so subject to presidential interpretation, so much the better.

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President Donald Trump holds up a signed executive order requiring the Justice Department to investigate instances of flag burning, in the Oval Office of the White House, Monday, Aug. 25, 2025, in Washington. (AP Photo/Evan Vucci)

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A diagnosis of Alzheimer’s disease is typically followed by years of uncertainty, grief, and a painful decline into oblivion. But although there is so much researchers, still don’t understand about the disease and what drives it, scientists are making progress faster than ever before and providing patients and their families with options for both diagnosis and treatment.

Over the past few decades, researchers have begun to realize that Alzheimer’s is more than the tangles of tau proteins and clusters of amyloid plaque that are the defining biological signs of the disease. Today, as Esther Landhuis describes, with the help of detailed graphics, there are more than 100 ongoing trials aimed at slowing or even stopping disease progression, and they target a variety of underlying mechanisms. The first therapies that specifically home in on and break up amyloid plaques have already been approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration. In clinical trials, they slowed decline for some people with early Alzheimer’s, but, as Liz Seegert reports, the drugs also come with substantial risk and are not a one-size-fits-all solution.

Changes to daily habits, such as increased exercise and social interaction, better nutrition, and supplements, are another option to consider. Sara Harrison notes that although the results from studies are mixed, researchers hope that focusing on someone’s day-to-day health can delay onset of the worst symptoms of dementia. Such improvements aren’t available to everyone, however. Black Americans are twice as likely as white Americans to be diagnosed with Alzheimer’s or other dementias. Jyoti Madhusoodanan analyzes the substantial evidence that this higher rate is a direct result of systemic racism, environmental pollution, and other experiences related to discrimination.

The earlier someone is diagnosed with Alzheimer’s, the sooner they can begin interventions and start to plan for the future. Blood tests can finally make this early detection easier. They’re not infallible, however. Cassandra Willyard explains that the currently available blood tests are less a screening tool and more part of a confirmatory approach, best for people already experiencing dementia symptoms.

The global incidence of Alzheimer’s is increasing at a rapid rate. In the U.S., more people than ever are being diagnosed, even as the number of care options dwindles. Tara Haelle explores the reasons for that and profiles one program aiming to help states coordinate and improve care for dementia patients and their caregivers.

Alzheimer’s is a devastating diagnosis. But for the first time since the condition’s initial description in 1906, scientists and clinicians are providing both dementia patients and their family members with glimmers of hope.

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Luisa Jung

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Stephen Colbert gave a full-throated defense of suspended late-night show colleague Jimmy Kimmel on Thursday night and called President Donald Trump an “autocrat.”

“I’m your host, Steven Colbert, but tonight, we are all Jimmy Kimmel,” Colbert said in a fiery opening monologue for his CBS show.

“I’m your host, Steven Colbert, but tonight, we are all Jimmy Kimmel,” Colbert said in a fiery opening monologue for his CBS show.

Colbert called ABC’s suspension of “Jimmy Kimmel Live!” a day earlier under pressure from Trump’s Federal Communications Commission chairman, “blatant censorship.”

The Disney subsidiary yanked Kimmel’s show indefinitely after outrage over his recent on-air comments linking the alleged killer of conservative activist Charlie Kirk to Trump’s MAGA movement.

“With an autocrat, you cannot give an inch,” Colbert told his audience at “The Late Show With Stephen Colbert” in the Ed Sullivan Theater in New York on Thursday.

“Jimmy, I stand with you and your staff 100%” said Colbert, who also has been criticized by the president.

“Jimmy, I stand with you and your staff 100%” said Colbert, who also has been criticized by the president.

Colbert dedicated Thursday’s show to free speech and to Kimmel’s team.

Trump has praised Kimmel’s suspension and suggested Thursday that the FCC might revoke the licenses of broadcast TV networks that are “against” him.

FCC Chairman Brendan Carr on Wednesday hinted that ABC’s license was at stake if it did not take action against Kimmel.

Colbert on Thursday said that Carr’s “comments sure seem like marching orders.”

His episode featured a segment of “The Colbert Report,” in which the host satirically portrays a conservative pundit, and interviews with CNN anchor Jake Tapper and The New Yorker Editor David Remnick.

Remnick discussed his time as a correspondent in Moscow during the final years of the Soviet Union and the early years of Russian President Vladimir Putin’s tenure.

Remnick said that one of the first things that Putin did to consolidate control of Russia was to crack down on comedians.

Colbert looked physically exhausted at the end of the taping.

CBS in July announced it would cancel Colbert’s show, effective next May.

The announcement came soon after Colbert blasted CBS for giving what he called “a big fat bribe” to Trump. That referred to the network’s parent company, Paramount, agreeing to pay $16 million for Trump’s future library to settle a lawsuit by him over the editing of a “60 Minutes” interview with then-Vice President Kamala Harris, who was running against him in the 2024 presidential election.

A week after the cancellation was announced, the FCC approved an $8 billion merger between Paramount and Skydance Media.

Colbert noted Thursday night that ABC suspended Kimmel hours after Nexstar Media Group said that its stations affiliated with ABC would preempt the show “for the foreseeable future” because of Kimmel’s statements about Trump.

Nexstar needs the FCC’s approval for its planned $6.2 billion merger with Tegna

People in Colbert’s audience praised his defiant stance after the taping of the show.

John Carter, a 61-year-old New Jersey resident, told CNBC, “He really said no matter what you do, we’re not going to let you get away with this madness.”

Another Garden State resident in the audience, Camille Carter, said, “I would be surprised if he makes it to the end of his contract in May.”

“Steven is putting himself out there on our behalf and raising the alarm,” said Solyasela Escudlo, a 45-year-old from the Bronx. “It takes a lot of courage to do what he did tonight, and it was simply stating facts that democracy depends on free speech.”

Corey Dickinson, 63, said, “Our country is under great threat of freedom of speech. This is a turning point in America, and a very scary time.”

“However, my wife and I both said to ourselves after watching this episode that we both felt like we were watching history in the making, and this might very well be Stephen Colbert’s last show on CBS,” said Dickinson, who lives in Palm Springs, California.

Jimmy Fallon, the host of NBC’s “The Tonight Show Starring Jimmy Fallon,” reportedly opened the taping of that show Thursday with jokes about Kimmel’s suspension, before becoming serious.

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Mr. Stewart’s program opened with a public address announcer introducing “the all-new, government-approved ‘Daily Show’” with its “patriotically obedient host,” Mr. Stewart.

The criticism from some of Mr. Kimmel’s contemporaries capped a day when an industry veteran, David Letterman, issued some of his own.

“You can’t go around firing somebody because you’re fearful or trying to suck up to an authoritarian, a criminal administration in the Oval Office,” Mr. Letterman said at The Atlantic Festival on Thursday afternoon in Lower Manhattan. “That’s just not how this works.”

ABC announced on Wednesday evening that it was pulling Mr. Kimmel’s late-night show “indefinitely” after the chairman of the Federal Communications Commission, Brendan Carr, criticized remarks Mr. Kimmel had made on the show about the assassination of the conservative activist Charlie Kirk. Mr. Carr suggested that his regulatory agency might take action against ABC affiliates. “These companies can find ways to change conduct and take action, frankly, on Kimmel, or there’s going to be additional work for the F.C.C. ahead,” he said.

Mr. Carr joined a chorus of conservatives who had accused Mr. Kimmel of misrepresenting the political beliefs of Tyler Robinson, the man accused in Mr. Kirk’s assassination, during his show on Monday. On the program, Mr. Kimmel had accused Mr. Trump’s supporters of “desperately trying” to paint Mr. Robinson “as anything other than one of them.” Utah officials have said that Mr. Robinson had recently appeared to shift leftward in his views.

The indefinite suspension of the show drew the ire of liberals, who have accused the network of censorship and of bowing to political pressure from the Trump administration.

Mr. Colbert, Mr. Stewart, Mr. Letterman — and to a lesser extent, Jimmy Fallon — joined the critics on Thursday.

Mr. Fallon said on “The Tonight Show,” “I don’t know what’s going on. And no one does. But I do know Jimmy Kimmel, and he’s a decent, funny, and loving gu,y and I hope he comes back.” He then insisted that he would not be censored, before a voiceover provided more complimentary language over Mr. Fallon’s commentary.

Mr. Colbert mocked Mr. Carr’s statement about the need to push back on programming that falls short of “community values.”

“Well, you know what my community values are, buster?” Mr. Colbert said. “Freedom of speech.”

At one point, Mr. Colbert dusted off the famous “Stephen Colbert” character — a self-obsessed conservative political commentator — he played during the 10-season run of his Comedy Central program, “The Colbert Report.”

n the first act of his show, Mr. Stewart took on the role of a humble, pro-government sycophant on the edge of a nervous breakdown. The act went beyond Mr. Kimmel.

“Some naysayers may argue that this administration’s speech concerns are merely a cynical ploy, a thin gruel of a ruse, a smokescreen to obscure an unprecedented consolidation of power and unitary intimidation,” Mr. Stewart said.

“Some people would say that,” he reiterated, before a dramatic pause. “Not me, though. I think it’s great.”

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Stephen Colbert dedicated his entire “Late Show” episode to the suspension of Jimmy Kimmel’s show.Credit…Scott Kowalchyk/CBS Broadcasting

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Alzheimer’s disease has proved to be a tricky target, and researchers and drug developers have been pursuing effective treatments for decades. Debates rage over the disorder’s underlying causes, and various approaches have faced one hurdle after another. But the field has reached a turning point. Over the past four years, the U.S. Food and Drug Administration has approved several therapies that address some of the condition’s potential biological roots rather than merely mitigating symptoms—a key scientific milestone. Despite the advances, however, there is still a long list of open questions and so much work to be done.

The brains of people who die with Alzheimer’s show a distinct biology: clumps or “plaques” of amyloid beta proteins in spaces between neurons and tangles of tau proteins that accumulate primarily within the nerve cells. One prevailing theory holds that amyloid builds up early, and tau tangles develop when nerve cell damage is underway, but cognitive symptoms are not yet apparent. Over time these pathogenic, or disease-causing, proteins disrupt nerve cell communication. The newest treatments—lecanemab and donanemab—bind to amyloid beta proteins, clear them from the brain, and modestly slow cognitive decline.

But the progression from disease-linked proteins to actual dementia is long and inexact, and amyloid and tau proteins accumulate in people with other neurodegenerative disorders, too. With Alzheimer’s, there is often a 20- to 30-year lag between the initial detection of amyloid and obvious cognitive decline. According to one study that predicted disease risk based on demographic data, death rates, and amyloid status, fewer than one quarter of cognitively healthy 75-year-old women who test positive for amyloid in a spinal fluid analysis or positron-emission tomography (PET) brain scan will develop Alzheimer’s dementia during their lifetime. Such findings suggest that amyloid alone is not driving disease progression and have spurred scientists to investigate other strategies.

DNA-sequencing analyses have identified gene variants that influence Alzheimer’s risk. Some of these genes point to a critical role of immune activity and inflammation in the disease process. Other research indicates that one way to reduce disease risk is through lifestyle changes. According to a 2024 report, nearly half of dementia cases worldwide could be prevented or delayed by actions addressing 14 modifiable risk factors, including hearing loss, physical inactivity, and vascular risk factors such as diabetes and smoking (many of which also impact immune activity and inflammation).

The Basics

A well-known hallmark of Alzheimer’s disease is the buildup of tau (a) and amyloid beta (b) proteins in the brain. Over time, plaques and tangles cause neuron damage (c) and cell death. But most Alzheimer’s patients have accumulated other proteins, too, such as alpha-synuclein, as well as blood vessel damage that can appear before amyloid plaques. Recent evidence suggests that inflammation, immune processes, and vascular risk factors also play a key role in the disease.

Treatment Targets

There are more than 100 ongoing clinical trials testing a variety of interventions, each of which targets one or more potential contributors to dementia. “We will get there in stages,” says Sudha Seshadri, a neurologist and founding director of the Glenn Biggs Institute for Alzheimer’s and Neurodegenerative Diseases at UT Health San Antonio in Texas. “The amyloid-lowering treatments are a piece of it. Immune-modulating drugs are probably going to be a piece of it,” she says. It will also be important to control for vascular risk, she adds, which “is important regardless of what else is happening.”

The mechanisms listed here are considered key elements of Alzheimer’s risk:

Neurotransmitter receptors • Proteins on nerve cell surfaces that receive signals and play a critical role in memory and learning. Some drugs for Alzheimer’s block harmful activity at these receptors, and others boost activity by preventing the breakdown of neurotransmitters.

Amyloid • A protein that, when misfolded, can build up outside of nerve cells in the brain and form plaques

that disrupt neural function. Several therapies aim to dissolve these deposits.

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Kimora Lee Simmons is good at many things, including modeling, business, and raising beautiful babies. Her son, Kenzo, 16, has inherited some of her gifts as he recently starred in his first modeling campaign for clothing brand Eve.

The teenage model, who is quickly following in his mom and dad, Djimon Hounsou’s footsteps, also did an interview on behalf of the clothing brand. When asked about his fashion inspiration, it’s no surprise that his supermodel mother is one.

“Some fashion influences of mine would definitely be my mom, who helps me and talks to me about those types of things,” Kenzo said of the former model, who famously walked for Chanel. “And Alton Mason, who I really look up to.”

Of course, the proud mama of five gave her son public praise for his latest achievement. Simmons, 50, shared her excitement via Instagram, sharing multiple pictures from the campaign. In several images, Kenzo is photographed wearing casual wear like sweats, shorts, and T-shirts while holding a basketball.

“So proud of my baby @kenzoklh for his first modeling campaign for @weareeve_ !!! 😍🥹 Congratulations! Mama loves you! 🏀❤️,” she wrote.

In May, Kenzo turned 16, and he’s already a whopping 6’7, towering over his mother and siblings. He’s using those talents to play basketball, and now, to model.

“I’m so proud of you for the young man that you’re becoming!” Simmons wrote about him back in June. “An amazing brother, son, friend, teammate, and so much more! Mama loves you sooooo much!! Keep rising to the top! I’m right by your side every step of the way! ❤️🏀💎

Simmons had Kenzo with her ex, Djimon Hounsou. The Academy Award-nominated actor also started his career as a model in Paris in the late ’80s, going on to appear in music videos for Tina Turner, Janet Jackson, and En Vogue. Simmons also has another son, Wolfe, 10, who she had with ex-husband Tim Leissner. Additionally, the Baby Phat founder is mother to daughters Aoki, 21, and Ming, 25, whom she shares with her ex-husband Russell Simmons. The TV personality’s fifth child, Gary, was welcomed by adoption when he was 10 years old.

She is set to hit TV screens again in December with her new series, Kimora Back In The Fab Lane, where we’ll get another glimpse into her life as a mom and businesswoman.

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