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• Ocrelizumab (Ocrevus): This drug treats relapsing forms of MS and primary progressive MS (PPMS). It’s the first DMTTrusted Source to be approved to treat PPMS and the only one approved for all four types of MS.
• Fingolimod (Gilenya): This drug treats pediatric MS. It was already approved for adults and, in 2018, became the first DMT to be approved for childrenTrusted Source.
• Cladribine (Mavenclad): This drug is approvedTrusted Source to treat relapsing-remitting MS (RRMS) and active secondary progressive MS (SPMS).
• Siponimod (Mayzent): This drug is approvedTrusted Source to treat RRMS, active SPMS, and clinically isolated syndrome (CIS). In a phase 3 clinical trialTrusted Source, siponimod effectively reduced the rate

• of relapse in people with active SPMS. Compared with a placebo, it cut the relapse rate in half.
• Ponesimod (Ponvory): This FDA-approvedTrusted Source drug has been shown to reduce annual relapses for relapsing types of MS by 30.5%Trusted Source when compared with teriflunomide (Aubagio).
• Ublituximab (Briumvi): This drug was approved by the FDATrusted Source to treat RRMS, SPMS, and CIS. It is a monoclonal antibody given as an infusion.

While new treatments are continually being approved, some medications are being removed from pharmacy shelves. In March 2018, daclizumab (Zinbryta) was withdrawn from markets around the world due to reports of the drug potentially causing inflammatory brain disorders. This drug is no longer available to treat MS.

Experimental therapies

Several other medications are moving through the research pipeline. In recent studies, some of these medications have shown promise for treating MS.

• The results of a phase 2 clinical trial suggest that the drug ibudilast might help reduce the progression of MS. To learn more about this medication, the manufacturer plans to conduct a phase 3 clinical trial.
• The findings of a small 2017 studyTrusted Source suggest that clemastine fumarate might help restore the protective coating around nerves in people with relapsing forms of MS. This oral antihistamine is currently available over the counter but not in the dose used in the clinical trial. More research is needed to study its potential benefits and risks for treating MS.
• Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation therapy is a promising new treatment for MS that’s currently being studied. It’s not currently approved in the United States, but interest is growing in the field, and it’s being evaluated in clinical trials.

Data-driven strategies to target treatments

Thanks to the development of new medications for MS, people have a growing number of treatment options to choose from.

To help guide their decisions, scientists are using large databases and statistical analyses to try to pinpoint the best treatment optionsTrusted Source for different people.

Eventually, this research might help those with MS learn which treatments are most likely to

work.

Progress in gene research

To understand the causes and risk factors for MS, geneticists and other scientists are combing the human genome for clues.

Researchers have identified more than 200 genetic variantsTrusted Source associated with MS. For example, a 2018 studyTrusted Source by the International Multiple Sclerosis Genetics Consortium identified 4 new genes linked to the disease.

Eventually, findings like these might help scientists develop new strategies and tools to predict, prevent, and treat MS.

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Disease-modifying therapies (DMTs) are the main group of medications used to treat MS. To date, the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has approved more than a dozen DMTs for different types of MS.

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