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For all of human history, the natural sugars in fruits, vegetables, and other plants have served us well. They have provided essential fuel for our body’s most important processes.
But now that sugars have been processed into more potent forms and added to so many foods and drinks — sodas, candies, breakfast cereals, salad dressings, breads — most of us are getting more sugar than our bodies were meant to handle.
Over time, excess consumption of these added sugars can increase the risk of health problems. Here’s how that may play out in various parts of your body.
The Mouth
The potential issues from added sugars start in your mouth. Here, certain bacteria break sugars down and produce acids, which can eventually erode your tooth enamel.
Your saliva is able to neutralize these acids, but if you keep consuming sugary foods and drinks throughout the day, it won’t be able to keep up. Acid levels will remain high, increasing your risk for cavities.
A diet high in sugary drinks like soda and juice can also change your mouth’s microbiome — increasing the number of acid-producing bacteria and decreasing the beneficial ones. That may make you even more susceptible to cavities.
The Gut
Most sweet foods contain several types of sugars. In the small intestine, they are broken down into simple sugars — mainly glucose and fructose.
Your body can easily absorb glucose from your intestine, but some people have trouble absorbing fructose, which is found in high amounts in many fruit juices, sweeteners like agave syrup, and drinks sweetened with high fructose corn syrup, like sodas. If fructose lingers in your gut, bacteria can ferment it, which may cause gas, bloating, and abdominal pain.
Young children tend to have more difficulty absorbing fructose than adults, but it can contribute to irritable bowel syndrome symptoms in people of all ages.
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