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The Moon has been a source of wonder and mystery for centuries. Even with numerous missions and extensive research, many of its secrets remain hidden beneath its surface. Recent discoveries by China’s Chang’e-4 mission have shed light on previously hidden structures on the far side of the Moon, revealing billions of years of geological history and providing new insights into its formation and evolution.
Launched in 2018, the Chang’e-4 lander by the Chinese National Space Administration (CNSA) became the first spacecraft to land on the far side of the Moon. This historic mission has been capturing stunning images of impact craters and collecting mineral samples, offering unprecedented insights into the Moon’s subsurface structures. In 2019, the Yutu-2 rover, part of the Chang’e-4 mission, began using Lunar Penetrating Radar (LPR) to map the upper 1,000 feet (300 meters) of the lunar surface in finer detail than ever before.
Findings on the Far Side of the Moon
The findings from the Chang’e-4 mission, recently published in the Journal of Geophysical Research: Planets, reveal the top 130 feet (40 meters) of the far side of the Moon’s surface consist of multiple layers of dust, soil, and broken rocks. Hidden within these layers is a crater formed by a large impact event.
Lead study author Jianqing Feng explained that the rubble surrounding this formation is likely ejecta from the impact. Beneath these surface layers, scientists discovered five distinct layers of lunar lava that spread across the landscape billions of years ago. These findings suggest a dynamic volcanic history, with the Moon’s mantle containing pockets of molten magma that erupted through surface cracks created by space debris impacts.
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