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Most things have a beginning and an end, including time itself. What was the spark that made it begin, and what will one day bring it to an end?
One of the pleasures of a show like Doctor Who that features near-unlimited time travel is that it can go anywhere and anywhen. That includes going to cosmic extremes.
On multiple occasions, the Doctor has gone billions of years into the future, to the end of the Universe. The Tenth Doctor went to the Universe’s dying days in the episode Utopia, and the Twelfth Doctor went there in Season Eight’s Listen and Season Nine’s Hell Bent.
The Doctor has also been into the most extremes of the distant past, for example to the creation of the Earth in The Runaway Bride.
And on one occasion he triggered a second Big Bang: the incredibly rapid expansion of matter and energy that cosmologists think marked the birth of the Universe.
In reality, the beginning and end of the Universe continue to challenge our understanding. In particular, there is still uncertainty about how time began and what it was like in the early Universe. As for the distant future and whether time will end, that’s even harder to say – and it depends partly on what we mean by “time”.
Cosmologists generally agree that the Universe began 13.8 billion years ago in the Big Bang. This is based on decades of observations showing that all the galaxies in the Universe are flying apart: in other words, the Universe is expanding. If you run the tape backwards, it looks like everything in the Universe was originally clumped together. The implication is that, at the very beginning, everything was compressed into an infinitely tiny dot or “singularity” – when then expanded astonishingly fast in the Big Bang.
It’s tempting to ask what happened before this, but most physicists will say this is meaningless. “Time only exists as the Universe exists,” says astrophysicist Emma Osborne at the University of York in the UK. “The moment the Universe came into existence is when time started.”
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Once upon a time, time began – so what will happen when it ends? (Credit: Edouard Taufenbach/Bastien Pourtout)
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James' World 2 
Nov 23, 2023 @ 23:24:07
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