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Mosquitoes bite, suck your blood, and leave you with itchy bumps and possibly a horrible infection. Mosquito-borne pathogens include malaria, West Nile virus, Zika virus, Chikungunya virus, and dengue. No wonder so many of us want to learn how to kill mosquitoes for good.

While you might fantasize about living in a mosquito-free world, eradicating them would actually be disastrous for the environment. Adult mosquitoes are food for other insects, birds, and bats, while larval mosquitoes support aquatic ecosystems. The best we can hope for is to limit their ability to transmit disease, repel them, and kill them within the confines of our yards and homes.

Mosquito-killing products bring in the big bucks, so it should come as no surprise that there is a wealth of misinformation out there. Before you get sucked into buying a product that simply won’t work, get educated about what does and does not kill these blood-sucking pests.

Key Takeaways: How to Kill Mosquitoes

• The best way to kill and control mosquitoes is to consistently apply more than one method. Some methods may only target adults, while others may only target larvae.
• Effective ways to kill mosquitoes include removing breeding grounds, encouraging predators, applying an agent containing BTI or IGR, and using traps.
• Insect repellents and bug zappers don’t kill mosquitoes.
• Pesticide-resistant mosquitoes may survive spraying, plus the chemical kills other animals and may persist in the environment.

How Not to Kill Mosquitoes

First things first when learning how to kill mosquitoes: You need to understand the difference between repelling them and killing them. Repellents make a location (like your yard or skin) less attractive to mosquitoes, but don’t kill them. So, citronella, DEET, smoke, lemon eucalyptus, lavender, and tea tree oil might keep the insects at bay, but won’t control them or get rid of them in the long run. Repellents vary in effectiveness, too. For example, while citronella may deter mosquitoes from entering a small, enclosed area, it doesn’t really work in a wide-open space (like your backyard).

There are a host of methods that actually do kill mosquitoes, but aren’t great solutions. A classic example is a bug zapper, which kills only a few mosquitoes, yet attracts and kills beneficial insects that keep the mozzy population down. Similarly, spraying pesticides is not an ideal solution because mosquitoes can become resistant to them, other animals get poisoned, and the toxins can cause lasting environmental damage.

Source Reduction

Many species of mosquitoes required standing water to breed, so one of the most effective methods of controlling them is to remove open containers and repair leaks. Dumping containers of standing water kills the larvae living in them before they get a chance to mature.

However, removing water may be undesirable or impractical in some cases. Further, some species don’t even need standing water to reproduce! The Aedes species, responsible for transmitting Zika and dengue, lays eggs out of water. These eggs remain viable for months, ready to hatch when sufficient water becomes available.

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Most people believe the only good mosquito is a dead mosquito. doug4537 / Getty Images

You may need to use a combination of methods to kill mosquitoes. Stefano Petreni / EyeEm / Getty Images

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She was referring to a plan to end the war and bring home the hostages that President Trump unveiled last month, being discussed in Egypt this week. And Ms. Zangkauer was expressing a sentiment shared by many.

“Everyone wants it to happen,” President Trump said on Monday evening at a briefing in the White House, speaking of his peace proposal. “Even Hamas.”

But much still remains unresolved.

The indirect talks between Israel and Hamas, mediated by the United States, Qatar, and Egypt, are likely to focus on two aspects of Mr. Trump’s 20-point proposal: exchanging Israeli-held Palestinians for captives, and an Israeli pullback from parts of Gaza.

Israel believes that about 20 hostages are still alive in Gaza, and also seeks the remains of about 25 others. Secretary of State Marco Rubio told Fox News Sunday that Hamas had “agreed to the president’s hostage release framework.”

Under that plan, the hostages will be exchanged for 250 Palestinians prisoners serving life sentences and 1,700 Gazans jailed by Israel during the war. For every hostage whose remains are released, Israel will also release the remains of 15 Gazans.

While the plan calls for the release of the hostages within 72 hours of Israel agreeing to it, that would be logistically difficult, experts say. And the two sides have yet to agree on which Palestinian prisoners will be released.

The White House press secretary, Karoline Leavitt, told reporters at a briefing on Monday that the teams were in Egypt to discuss that exchange. “They’re going over the list of both the Israeli hostages and also the political prisoners who will be released, and those talks are underway,” she said.

“All sides of this conflict agree that this war needs to end,” she said, “and agree to the 20-point framework that President Trump proposed.” The talks, she added, were an “incredible achievement.”

On Friday, Hamas said it was willing to release the hostages. But Hamas has not addressed major points in the American peace plan, among them demands that it has objected to in the past. The proposal, for example, calls on the group to disarm and for it to have no role in the governance of Gaza — both key Israeli positions that Hamas has long rejected.

Questions also remain about the withdrawal of Israeli forces from positions in Gaza.

In a social media post on Saturday, Mr. Trump said that Israel had already agreed to an initial withdrawal line within Gaza for the first phase of the deal.

“When Hamas confirms, the Ceasefire will be IMMEDIATELY effective, the Hostages and Prisoner Exchange will begin, and we will create the conditions for the next phase of withdrawal,” he pledged.

But Hamas may still seek to negotiate those lines.

In previous talks on ending the conflict, Hamas agreed to Israeli troops withdrawing into a buffer zone near Gaza’s border with Israel. But Mr. Trump’s plan would leave Israeli forces deeper in Gaza, and Hamas has signaled that it may object to elements of the plan.

In a speech to Israelis over the weekend, Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu tried to cast the Trump plan as a victory. He said the stage for a possible deal to end to the war had been set by his decision to keep up the pressure on Hamas with a devastating military campaign, which drew condemnation from much of the world. He also cited diplomatic efforts.

Members of Mr. Netanyahu’s far-right coalition have long objected to a deal and have threatened to dissolve his government if he agrees to one. The prime minister has sought to appease them, but he is also under pressure from many Israelis who want a hostage deal and an end to the conflict, as well as from the international community, not least Mr. Trump.

On Saturday, Mr. Trump posted images of Israelis rallying in Tel Aviv for a hostage deal. He added no comments, but the images appeared to speak for themselves.

Defying Mr. Trump does not appear to be an option, even for Mr. Netanyahu. By Saturday, the Israeli military was limiting its actions to what Israeli officials called defensive operations and responses to immediate threats.

Hamas, too, is under pressure to end the war.

Many Palestinians in Gaza see the Trump proposal as their best hope after nearly two years of extreme privation and repeated displacement. Much of Gaza has been destroyed, tens of thousands of Palestinians have been killed, including thousands of children, and Mr. Trump has said that Israel will have a green light to destroy Hamas if the group does not agree to a deal.

Mr. Trump demanded on social media that Israel stop bombing Gaza to allow the agreement with Hamas to move forward. The Israeli military instructed its forces to focus on defense, curbing military operations in the Gaza Strip, according to Israeli officials.

The fighting on the ground has nonetheless continued. The Israeli military said that it launched multiple attacks on Sunday against what it described as militants threatening troops. Emergency workers in Gaza said that they had been unable to reach some of those killed because they were in combat zones.

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Scientists moved a step closer to understanding the complex causes of autism this week. Although all of the headlines went to US President Donald Trump’s poorly evidenced statements that the painkiller acetaminophen is linked to the neurodevelopmental condition, his White House autism event brought welcome — and largely overlooked — news to scientists: the US National Institutes of Health (NIH) is investing US$50 million in an unusual autism-research effort.

Trump and Jayanta Bhattacharya, director of the NIH, announced on 22 September that 13 research groups will receive funding under the Autism Data Science Initiative (ADSI), a Trump administration programme to fund studies that explore how interacting genetic and environmental factors contribute to autism. “This is where the field needs to be going in searching for the complex causes of autism,” says Helen Tager-Flusberg, who studies autism at Boston University, Massachusetts.

The funded projects range from studies on environmental exposures during pregnancy to experiments on brain cells. Funding was also awarded to efforts to replicate the projects’ results and so ensure that they are robust.

Researchers, although pleased by the aims of the funded work and the rigour of the methods, have some concerns about the project. Several ADSI-funding recipients say that they are expected to complete their projects relatively quickly — within three years instead of the usual five — and some say that they are alert to political interference with their results. Trump prompted fierce pushback from scientists with his statements about acetaminophen earlier this week, given the lack of convincing evidence to support a link with autism. “We should wait until the research happens before announcing an answer,” says Jason Stein, a neuroscientist at the University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, who received an ADSI grant.

“This is not political interference, but rather a bold, science-driven effort to deliver meaningful answers more quickly,” said a spokesperson for the US Department of Health and Human Services (HSS), which oversees the NIH.

Quick turnaround

The NIH announced the ADSI in May and invited researchers to submit grant applications for research into the causes of autism, its growing prevalence, and potential interventions. Some researchers expressed concern that applicants had only a month to submit proposals — much less time than usual — and it was unclear who was reviewing the grants and with what criteria. Some worried that the funding would be channelled to researching the discredited idea promoted by Trump’s health secretary, Robert F. Kennedy Jr, that vaccines are linked to autism. “Some people thought: maybe we should steer clear of this,” says Judith Miller, a psychologist who studies autism at the Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia in Pennsylvania.

In the end, nearly 250 research teams applied, and no awards were granted to projects that focus explictly on autism and vaccines.

Several of the projects will involve exposomics: the study of the array of environmental factors to which a person is exposed. Miller is leading a three-year, $4.3-million project combining genome and exposome data to seek factors associated with autism. The project will draw on previously collected data on more than 100,000 children, including about 4,000 autistic children, and connect those to maternal-health records. The research team plans to use information on where participants live to add in data on air quality, access to green spaces, and other environmental markers. “We haven’t been able to bring this type of data all together in a clinical population,” before, Miller says.

Replication requirement

Stein and his team, by contrast, are examining autism using brain organoids grown from the stem cells of autistic and non-autistic children. The researchers plan to expose the tissue to substances that epidemiological studies have linked to autism — such as valproic acid, a drug used to treat epilepsy — and examine how this affects gene activity.

The team expects to be asked by the NIH to look at acetaminophen or other substances, too, says Joseph Piven, a psychiatrist at University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, who is also working on the organoid project. “As long as they have some detectable level of epidemiological evidence, I think that’s a valid question to go forward,” he says.

The ADSI is building in replication efforts from the start. Judy Zhong, a population-health scientist at Weill Cornell Medicine in New York City, has received around $5 million from the ADSI for a centre that will require other ADSI-funded investigators to hand over their computer models so that their results can be independently replicated. “It is very unusual,” Zhong says.

Collaborative approach

But researchers are still worried about political interference in autism research. Some point to the announcement earlier this month that the HHS would award a contract to Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute in Troy, New York, to search for an association between vaccines and autism in databases. “Is this the best use of funds to support another investigation, on what appears to be a largely settled question?” says Craig Newschaffer, an autism researcher at Pennsylvania State University in University Park.

Some researchers would like to see more funding for research that helps autistic people to lead healthy and fulfilling lives — a primary focus of only 2 of the 13 ADSI grants. Katharine Zuckerman, a paediatrician at Oregon Health & Science University in Portland, will be using her $4.25-million grant to look for factors in childrens’ lives — such as regular doctor’s visits or attending quality schools — that correlate with outcomes that autistic people say are important to them, such as sleep or good mental health. Like the other ADSI projects, this will be done in consultation with the autism community.

“Looking at the cause of autism is important, but I think that it’s also important that we address the concerns of autistic people who are here today and what we could do to improve their lives,” Zuckerman says.

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Most founder stories begin with a business plan, a pitch deck, or a stint in a Silicon Valley accelerator. Mine started in a garage, working as a mechanic before moving into large-scale solar construction. That unconventional path gave me a perspective I believe many entrepreneurs share: The best ideas rarely follow a straightforward path. They come from connecting unexpected skills and experiences. Whether you build in energy, finance or technology, the real opportunity lies in spotting links that others overlook.

As industries evolve, founders are increasingly asked to combine insights from different fields. The next breakthrough can come from anywhere. My story is one version of that pattern: years in construction, side ventures in cycling and crypto, as well as a growing conviction that blockchain and renewable energy could merge into something bigger. The important point is that these connections are available to anyone willing to look for them

NFTs beyond the hype

For me, the clearest connection between seemingly separate paths came in the form of NFTs. They showed how a digital tool could unlock real-world solutions when applied differently.

For many, NFTs are shorthand for speculation and hype. They recall headlines of digital art selling for millions during a bubble, but at their core, NFTs are simply verifiable certificates of ownership. They are secure, transparent and impossible to counterfeit. Those qualities give them value far beyond collectibles.

Renewable energy is a prime example. Historically, solar infrastructure has been locked behind institutional walls. You needed significant capital, specialized contracts, and relationships in a closed network. By linking NFTs to renewable projects, individuals could hold digital certificates that represent direct participation in the infrastructure powering their communities. Instead of being abstract shareholders in a utility, people could have verifiable claims tied to specific assets — be it a solar farm in Spain or a wind project in Japan.

This points to a broader principle for founders: Technologies often outgrow the reputations they start with. Something like NFTs, which were dismissed as frivolous in one context, can become transformative in another. The pattern is common. Artificial intelligence was once a niche academic field before becoming the backbone of entire industries. Cloud computing was once seen as insecure and unreliable, but today no modern business can operate without it. Hype cycles can distract, but they can also be early signals of where long-term value will emerge. Leaders must learn to separate noise from substance and recognize when a tool is finally ready for serious application.

Blockchain as an equalizer

Blockchain itself grew from speculation, but its biggest benefit lies in offering access. Traditional finance and infrastructure projects often operate like exclusive clubs, requiring large amounts of money, insider knowledge, and legal support. Blockchain lowers these barriers. It makes processes transparent, allows direct participation, and removes unnecessary intermediaries.

In renewable energy, that means individuals and small groups can help finance and accelerate the transition alongside corporations and governments. Participation is no longer limited to the few who already sit inside the system. That is the equalizing force blockchain brings — and it is the type of structural change founders should be looking for in their own industries.

Advice for founders

From my own journey, three lessons stand out for anyone looking to apply their expertise to new frontiers:

1. Draw on your background, however unconventional. Skills picked up in unrelated fields often prove essential later. Steve Jobs famously credited a college calligraphy class with shaping the typography of the Macintosh. In my case, running construction sites taught me how to manage risk, coordinate teams, and solve problems under pressure — skills that proved invaluable when I later moved into blockchain. Founders often underestimate their own experience, but the truth is that most breakthroughs are not born from a blank slate. They are built on layers of past knowledge, applied in new ways.

2. Stay focused on the mission. Every industry has hype cycles, but blockchain is especially noisy. New tokens, fads, and shortcuts appear daily. The temptation to chase quick wins is strong, but they rarely build lasting businesses. Innovation requires a clear mission and the patience to execute it. Founders who withstand the noise are those who anchor themselves to a long-term vision. That discipline not only creates stronger companies, but it also builds credibility with partners, regulators, and investors who are looking for stability in a volatile field.

3. Curate expertise early. Great founders are not experts in everything; they are curators of expertise. To bring my project to life, I brought in specialists from day one. Identifying gaps early and filling them before they become roadblocks is essential. It saves time, prevents costly mistakes, and accelerates execution. The best founders see themselves less as lone visionaries and more as architects — assembling the right team and letting them excel in their respective domains.

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Bad Bunny, the season premiere host, was announced as the Super Bowl LX halftime show headliner, drawing the ire of government officials like Kristi Noem, the secretary of homeland security, who said that “ICE enforcement” would attend the Super Bowl and would be “all over” the event.

And — oh yes — the category of late-night TV comedy became unexpectedly volatile: In July, CBS announced that “The Late Show With Stephen Colbert” would go off the air next May, citing economic factors. And Disney pulled the ABC late-night show “Jimmy Kimmel Live!” for a few broadcasts in September, amid controversy over remarks that Kimmel made on the show about the fatal shooting of Charlie Kirk, the right-wing activist.

“S.N.L.” addressed some of these controversies in its opening sketch, in which the Weekend Update co-anchor Colin Jost played Secretary Hegseth, speaking to U.S. military officers at Marine Corps Base Quantico in Northern Virginia. (“Thanks to failed liberal policies, our Army has never been gayer,” Jost said in his speech. “And yet, it’s also never been fatter. Make that make sense.”)

Jost’s lecture was soon overtaken by Johnson, who declared that “S.N.L.” had “better be careful, because I know late-night TV like the back of my hand.” As he said this, Johnson turned over his hand to show what looked like a bruise noticeably disguised by makeup.

“Not looking great right now,” he said, quickly clasping that hand with the other. “Oops! Don’t look at that. Gonna cover this up for the rest of my life.” Johnson also warned that “S.N.L.” would have to be on its “best behavior” or else it would have to answer to his “attack dog,” the F.C.C. chairman, Brendan Carr. (Mikey Day played Carr in a brief appearance, boogieing onto the stage to Rockwell’s “Somebody’s Watching Me.”)

As its 51st season got underway, Johnson said that “S.N.L.” should have “called it at 50, right?”

“It’s so sad to see something get old and confused and yet still demand your constant attention,” he said. “Oh well.”

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James Austin Johnson, returning as President Trump and stealing the spotlight from Defense Secretary Pete Hegseth (Colin Jost), who was lecturing a gathering of generals and admirals.Credit…NBC Universal, via YouTube

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