James' World 2

Click the link below the picture

.

Keeping your vision in good shape is just as important as taking care of your body. There are many things you can do to protect your eyes as you age that don’t require too much effort, but can make a big difference. For example, you can wear sunglasses when you step outside to keep your eyes safe from UV rays. Making these small changes can prevent certain eye conditions that often accompany aging. Below are some of the habits you can add to your daily routine to keep your eyes healthy.

1. Wear sunglasses outside

Exposing your eyes to ultraviolet rays may cause damage over time. According to the American Academy of Ophthalmology, wearing sunglasses can block harmful UV light, lowering your risk of eye diseases like cataracts, sunburn, eye cancer, and growths around the eye. Polarized glasses with smoke or gray lenses may offer the best protection against the sun’s rays and reduce glare.

2. Use the 20-20-20 screen break rule

Prolonged screen time can cause dry eyes, pain in the neck and shoulders, blurred vision, headaches and digital eye strain, or computer vision syndrome. The American Optometric Association recommends using the 20-20-20 rule to prevent computer vision syndrome. Every 20 minutes, look at something at least 20 feet away for 20 seconds.

3. Take a break from books, too

Screen time isn’t the only way to strain your eyes. You probably hold a book up close for long periods when you read it. Both activities can lead to nearsightedness, or myopia, which means faraway objects are blurry, while up-close objects are clear. Just like you should use the 20-20-20 rule to take screen breaks, you should also use this rule for book breaks. If you find yourself engrossed in what you’re reading or doing on the computer, set an alarm so you don’t miss your breaks.

4. Get your body moving with regular exercise

Regular exercise can provide eye health benefits, such as promoting healthy blood vessels and lowering your risk of developing glaucoma and diabetic retinopathy, the American Academy of Ophthalmology reports. The CDC recommends at least 150 minutes of moderate aerobic activity every week, plus two days of strength training for your muscles. You can also practice eye exercises to reduce tension and eye strain while sitting at your desk.

5. Enjoy the outdoors

Children and adults need to get outside often, even if they get their recommended exercise indoors. Research shows that children who spend time outdoors have a lower risk of developing nearsightedness in adolescence and as adults. Playing with your kids at the local playground, walking through the woods, or even playing in the backyard can help the whole family stay healthy and active. Be sure to use your sunglasses.

.

Boosting your eye health involves more than simply protecting them from the sun. Anastassiya Bezhekeneva/Getty Images

.

.

Click the link below for the complete article:

.

__________________________________________

Click the link below the picture

.

The Supreme Court does not ordinarily review rulings by state supreme courts interpreting state constitutions.

The fight over the Virginia map stems from a redistricting push that began last summer when President Trump pressured Republican-led states to redraw their district maps ahead of the midterms in hopes of maintaining the party’s razor-thin majority in the House.

First, Texas officials redrew their lines to give Republicans an advantage. Then, California responded by crafting a new map to help Democrats. Similar efforts have followed in other states throughout the country.

In the fall, Virginia lawmakers voted to amend their state constitution to clear the way for Democrats to redraw the map, a process that required two votes of the state’s General Assembly, with an election in between.

The timing of that fall vote is crucial for understanding what followed. Lawmakers authorized the amendment just days before the fall’s legislative election, while early voting was already underway. More than a million voters had already cast their ballots.

After another vote of the assembly, Virginians approved the map in a statewide referendum in April. The move was widely seen as a victory for the party that put it on equal footing with Republican redistricting efforts nationwide, or even might give Democrats a narrow advantage.

But Republicans swiftly challenged the new map, arguing that Democrats had violated the procedural guidelines required to pass the redistricting amendment by beginning the process once an election was underway.

Democrats countered that they had voted in time, since they acted before Election Day. They also argued that the state Supreme Court should not undercut the will of the voters who took part in the spring referendum.

On May 8, the Virginia Supreme Court sided with the Republicans, deciding 4 to 3 that the Democratic lawmakers had violated the state’s constitution by taking up the matter after early voting was underway.

.

The Supreme Court’s ruling blocking the map wipes out four newly drawn Democratic-leaning House districts in Virginia. Credit…Eric Lee for The New York Times

.

.

Click the link below for the complete article:

.

__________________________________________

Click the link below the bottom picture

.

A century before social-media bans and advice to disable device notifications, the inventor and science-fiction writer Hugo Gernsback proposed a more extreme way to avoid distraction: an isolating wooden helmet. Outside influences, he said, were “the greatest difficulty that the human mind has to contend with.” Gernsback’s isolator device — part diving suit, part monastic cell — did help him to work, he said, but it came with a risk of suffocation. He later installed an air supply.

Concerns that sustained thought is under assault have become even more acute in the digital era. Smartphones buzz, Internet tabs multiply, and television episodes carry regular reminders to help people keep track of the plot. Surveys suggest that we feel less able to concentrate, teachers report distracted students, and headlines declare that our attention spans are shrinking.

Research across psychology and neuroscience, however, has built up a more nuanced picture of what is happening to our attention spans. The results suggest that people do flit from one task to another more frequently than they did in previous decades, and that this switching is often detrimental to performance. But there is little evidence that the brain’s fundamental ability to concentrate has been impaired. This suggests that if we can shut down the distractions of our environment, it is possible to recover focus.

“I think there’s a huge disconnect between what we feel like is happening and what is actually happening,” says Monica Rosenberg, a psychologist at the University of Chicago in Illinois.

The attention-span confusion

“There is a whole flurry of people reporting that they feel like they can’t pay attention,” says Nilli Lavie, a cognitive neuroscientist at University College London. “They say they are constantly distracted, their attention jumps from one thing to another, and they can’t concentrate.”

In a 2021 survey of more than 2,000 UK adults, almost half said they felt their attention span was shorter than it used to be. And two-thirds thought that the attention span of young people has declined. Teachers and schools around the world have responded to this perception with modular lessons that break topics into digestible pieces. Some students now study literary extracts rather than full novels. When the novelist Elif Shafak questioned why TED talks were becoming shorter, she said last year she was told that it was because “the world’s average attention span has shrunk.”

The idea of an average attention span carries intuitive appeal. But the way it’s discussed can tangle distinct concepts. Researchers distinguish between people’s capacity to pay attention, that is, their underlying ability to concentrate on a particular task, and their real-world behaviour, or what people actually focus on from moment to moment.

What’s more, the capacity to pay attention is the result of several processes in the brain. These include sustained attention, the ability to stay engaged with a task over time; selective attention, the ability to prioritize some information and ignore the rest; and executive control, the ability to steer attention in line with a goal rather than whatever happens to be more tempting.

Attention in the laboratory

Capacity is measured under controlled laboratory conditions that test performance on a task — often a tedious one — over time. To test sustained attention, volunteers might monitor a screen showing streams of letters and shapes and identify specific changes. The ‘d2’ task, for instance, displays rows of letters, such as d and p, sometimes with dashes drawn above or below them, and asks people to mark the letter d only if it has two lines underneath.

Many lab studies have shown how performance on such tasks declines in about ten minutes, although the pattern of decline is not smooth: even apparently strong attention naturally fluctuates between bursts of good performance, lapses, and recovery.

Further tests demonstrate how providing a distracting environment, such as playing sounds of babies crying and dogs barking, worsens people’s performance on cognitive tasks. This provides a basis for understanding distractions in the real world. Analyses have demonstrated that, for instance, traffic accidents are more likely to occur if drivers are talking on their phones.

The lab studies haven’t shown evidence that — when free of distractions — people’s underlying capacity to pay attention has changed. But there are differences in how people perform. Those who say they frequently juggle several streams of media at once tend to perform worse on tests of selective attention, for example, showing greater difficulty filtering out irrelevant information. They also show differences in tests related to working memory and executive control.

.

Karol Banach

.

.

Click the link below for the complete article:

.

__________________________________________

Click the link below the picture

.

You’ve worked hard and spent decades building something significant, and, naturally, you want it to have a lasting impact for your family.

Earning, saving, and investing have been your focus over the years, and you’ve probably also taken most or all of the typical estate planning steps.

Last year at Catalyst Advisory, we surveyed 1,000 American adults and found that 90% hope to have something to leave behind for future generations. It’s clear that legacy matters to most of us.

Unfortunately, 70% of wealthy families lose that wealth by the second generation, and 90% of it by the third. Those who successfully maintain family wealth are in the minority.

The myth: ‘A good estate plan is enough.’

.

As a wealth transfer adviser, my work is all about helping families protect and preserve their wealth. And before I started my firm, I spent seven years in a family office role, working with ultra-wealthy families.

If you have a will, life insurance, beneficiary designations, and an asset inventory, and followed other typical estate planning advice, you might feel like you’re all set. But families who successfully preserve their wealth do a few specific things most people never consider.

Three things families that preserve their wealth do differently

.

While these lessons were learned by observing ultra-wealthy families, you don’t need a massive fortune to apply these principles. Families with much more modest wealth will also benefit by taking these proactive steps.

1. They write a family constitution

A family constitution is a living document that defines the family’s shared values, the purpose of the wealth, and guidelines for how future generations should steward that wealth. It is not a legal document and doesn’t replace a will or trust.

There’s nothing legally binding about a family constitution, and yet it’s incredibly effective for alignment. Without a shared understanding of why the wealth exists, heirs often default to spending it or using it in ways the previous generation wouldn’t have wanted.

Family constitutions usually include a family mission statement, clear expectations about work ethic, guidelines for decision-making and an overview of succession principles.

Since it’s an unofficial document, the family constitution can include whatever is important to you, such as philanthropy and guiding principles for giving.

Creating the family constitution is the first step, but it’s not a document that you create once and file away for your heirs to read after you’re gone. For it to be effective, the family constitution should be a living document that’s reviewed, discussed, and updated if necessary.

Get your kids or heirs involved as early as possible to increase buy-in. Many families have occasional meetings to discuss their values and go over the details covered in the family constitution. The more the next generation is involved in the process, the more effective it will be

2. They play defense before offense

When it comes to retirement planning and building a portfolio, investing and growth are usually the focus. High returns are the goal.

But families who successfully preserve their wealth typically spend more time and energy on tax strategy and protecting their wealth than selecting the right investments. It’s a completely different mindset.

In estate planning, what you pass on is far more important than what you accumulate. Taxes at death, capital gains on inherited assets, and estate settlement costs can quickly gut a family’s wealth before the heirs ever see it.

Here are a few strategies that benefit many families.

Irrevocable trusts. When structured properly, irrevocable trusts remove assets from your taxable estate, meaning your heirs will receive more. The trade-off is that you give up some control.

They’re not right for everyone, but irrevocable trusts can be effective if you hold illiquid assets or if your portfolio will grow quickly (so the future growth occurs outside of the estate).

Life insurance as a wealth transfer tool. Life insurance can offer much more than just a death benefit. A permanent life policy held in an irrevocable life insurance trust (ILIT) can give your heirs a tax-free lump sum outside of your estate. It provides excellent liquidity so your heirs can pay taxes without selling assets (very important if you own a business or a real estate portfolio).

Harvest tax advantages while you’re alive. Annual gifting within exclusion limits, Roth conversions during lower-income years and charitable remainder trusts can significantly reduce your taxable estate over time.

These efforts typically compound, so the more attention you give them now, the more money your heirs will have later.

3. They consolidate rather than divide

Estate planning typically involves splitting everything evenly among the heirs, so they can do with their inheritance as they please. While that seems fair, it actually may not be in their best interest.

Dividing assets, especially illiquid ones like real estate and businesses, often forces a sale. Fire sales usually result in family conflict and erosion of the estate.

Families who successfully preserve generational wealth often use structures designed to keep the capital in one place. This may involve a family LLC, a trust, or shared governance of family assets. Heirs can benefit equally from a pool of assets without dividing and splitting everything apart, which often results in lost value.

The legacy isn’t the money

.

Families who preserve generational wealth aren’t successful because they have more to begin with. They maintain their wealth because of their intentional approach. You don’t need tens or hundreds of millions of dollars to benefit from the same mindset and actions.

Family constitutions, a defensive-oriented mindset, and consolidated structures aren’t just for the ultra-wealthy. You may have never considered these strategies, but they could make a difference that lasts for generations.

.

(Image credit: Getty Images)

.

.

Click the link below for the complete article:

.

__________________________________________

Click the link below the picture

.

President Trump and China’s leader, Xi Jinping, emphasized stability on Friday as they concluded a high-stakes summit in Beijing, albeit without announcing any clear resolutions on trade, Taiwan, the war in Iran or other major points of contention.

Sitting beside Mr. Xi during a meeting at Zhongnanhai, the walled headquarters for China’s ruling Communist Party, Mr. Trump said that the Chinese leader had “become really a friend” and that they felt similarly about the war.

When asked whether China had agreed to buy Boeing jets, a Chinese Ministry of Foreign Affairs spokesman said at the ministry’s daily briefing on Friday only that China-U.S. economic ties were mutually beneficial.

On agriculture, however, he said that China is ready to work on important economic understandings reached by Xi and Trump.

Trump, greeted by flag-waving students at the airport, wasted no time as he climbed the stairs of Air Force One, turned for a quick wave, and hopped aboard. Staff scrambled aboard, doors closed, and at 2:41 pm Beijing time, we rolled down the runway. Next stop: Alaska, for refueling.

When Jensen Huang, Nvidia’s chief executive, joined the group of American business leaders traveling with President Trump to Beijing at the last minute this week, many took it as a sign that progress was in store for the company’s long-stalled sales in China.

But as the summit between Mr. Trump and Xi Jinping, China’s top leader, wrapped up on Friday, the fate of Nvidia’s artificial intelligence chips in China was no clearer than it had been before.

Xi again linked Trump’s Make America Great Again movement to his signature domestic vision, which he calls the “great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation,” during talks between the two leaders at Zhongnanhai. “Through strengthened cooperation, both China and the United States can promote their respective development and revitalization,” Xi said.

President Trump said on Thursday that China had agreed to order 200 Boeing jets, potentially lifting the fortunes of the American jet manufacturer in one of the world’s largest aviation markets.

In an interview with Fox News, Mr. Trump hailed what he termed as successes from the first day of meetings with Xi Jinping, China’s top leader. He said Mr. Xi told him that an order would be placed for the American planes.

.

Xi and Trump on Friday

.

.

Click the link below for the complete article:

.

__________________________________________

Hmmmm … It is time to launch Space Jnk LLC.  Watch Space Junk (2023)

Click the link below the bottom picture

.

Almost half the stuff in orbit around Earth can be classified as space junk, and the problem is only going to get worse as launches and orbital infrastructure increase.

Using data from the U.S. Space Force’s Space-Track.org, engineering component supply company Accu determined there are currently 33,269 trackable objects in orbit. Of those, 17,682 are satellites. The rest are some form of junk, ranging from expended rocket bodies to debris to objects that could not be identified.

“This means that nearly 47 percent of tracked objects are space junk,” the company wrote in a new report. “However, with many satellites no longer operational, it means the true proportion of inactive or uncontrollable objects is even higher.”

Space junk has been accumulating since the first satellite, Sputnik 1, was launched in 1957. Yet the problem has grown sharply over the past decade as the cost of launches has dropped and the cadence of space flights has increased. The amount of trackable objects in orbit rose by around 10,000 between 2020 and 2025 alone.

The scale of the issue may be grossly underestimated. Accu notes that there may be millions of objects that are too tiny to track, such as paint flecks and other debris that came loose from rockets and other spacecraft. That poses a major risk: Most objects in orbit are traveling at upward of 17,000 miles per hour—at that speed, even the tiniest mote could inflict significant damage on orbiting infrastructure. In 2024, astronauts onboard the International Space Station had to take shelter after a decommissioned Russian satellite broke into numerous fragments. That incident prompted the launch of a U.S. governmental program aimed at finding and monitoring low-Earth orbit’s tiniest pieces of garbage. And in 2025, several Chinese taikonauts became stranded on the Tiangong space station after a suspected piece of space junk cracked the window of their return capsule.

While there’s a chance an orbiting piece of junk could hurt or kill an astronaut, Accu’s analysis suggests that the greatest danger is to satellites, with seven tracked pieces of junk for every 10 satellites.

Despite being a problem that’s literally around the globe, the causes are not global. The report estimates that China is responsible for 65 percent of the debris in orbit, while the U.S. and the Commonwealth of Independent States—comprised of Russia and eight smaller countries—account for an estimated 40 percent and 23 percent, respectively.

Space agencies, such as NASA, the Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency, the U.K. Space Agency, and the European Space Agency, are working on ways to clean up lower-Earth orbit. Several private companies have also begun marketing their services as space garbage collectors. But until large amounts of junk are removed, Accu has called on spacecraft designers to take the threat more seriously.

“For the engineers shaping the spacecraft of tomorrow, they must keep space debris in mind from the start,” the report’s authors write. “Every component, from its precision, durability, and material, has to be chosen carefully to survive potential impacts. Space debris is a key challenge of the modern space age, but how it is tackled will drive innovation and define the future of space exploration.”

.

World Map Courtesy of NASA/Getty Images

.

.

Click the link below for the complete article:

.

__________________________________________

Click the link below the bottom  picture

.

Earlier this spring, a mysterious explosion blew up a car carrying an alleged cartel operative in broad daylight on one of Mexico’s busiest highways just outside of its capital city.

Francisco Beltran was killed instantly along with his driver, their bodies found slumped over in their seats after the concentrated blast. Video and pictures of the attack on March 28 show a quick burst of flames with the car continuing to roll forward, drifting off the highway.

Known as “El Payin,” Beltran was accused of being a mid-level member of the Sinaloa Cartel, one of Mexico’s most notorious drug trafficking syndicates, Mexican security analysts and sources familiar with his activities said.

Mexican authorities have maintained extreme secrecy around the explosion, but multiple sources tell CNN that the attack was a targeted assassination, facilitated by CIA operations officers. An explosive device had been hidden inside the vehicle, the State of Mexico’s Attorney General told CNN.

The Beltran operation was part of an expanded, and previously unreported, CIA campaign inside Mexico — spearheaded by the agency’s elite and secretive Ground Branch — to dismantle the entrenched cartel networks, those sources, as well as two additional people familiar with the campaign, told CNN. President Donald Trump has designated several of those groups foreign terrorist organizations and deemed them to be at war with the United States.

Since last year, CIA operatives inside Mexico have directly participated in deadly attacks on several, mostly mid-level cartel members, the sources said. “The lethality of their operations has been seriously ramped up,” said one of the people briefed on the operations. “It’s a significant expansion of the kind of thing the CIA has been willing to do inside Mexico.”

The level of CIA involvement with operations has varied, according to the sources, from more passive intelligence sharing and providing general support to direct participation in assassination operations.

Prior to publication of this story, CNN presented the CIA with details of its reporting. The CIA declined to comment. After publication, CIA spokesperson Liz Lyons released a statement to CNN saying, “This is false and salacious reporting that serves as nothing more than a PR campaign for the cartels and puts American lives at risk,” without specifying what aspect of the reporting is false.

The attack on Beltran was brazen even by the standards of typical Mexican cartel violence, and Mexican analysts debated in the days afterward whether it could signal a worrying, sophisticated new dimension of cartel-on-cartel warfare.

“We have been living in anarchic war for many months in Sinaloa,” Mexican journalist Jose Cardenas said on his television show broadcast by Grupo Fórmula in the days after the attack. “But attacks like this, if confirmed, in an area near the country’s capital, well, I have never heard of anything similar.”

A former CIA paramilitary officer told CNN that knowing how the agency operates, ‘They definitely wanted this incident to create the question in everyone’s mind of, ‘Who did this?’”

The CIA’s involvement in recent operations targeting high-profile cartel figures, like Nemesio “El Mencho” Oseguera Cervantes, has been well-documented, though much of that activity has publicly been described as intelligence sharing.

Newspapers hang on display for sale in Mexico City on February 23, a day after the Mexican army killed Jalisco New Generation Cartel leader Nemesio Oseguera Cervantes, known as “El Mencho.”

Jon Orbach/AP

.

But the agency’s covert activity inside Mexico goes far beyond those few cases that attracted international attention and involves much more direct participation, sources told CNN.

The strategy, the sources said, is to dismantle entire cartel networks, which involves not only removing those at the very top but also identifying vulnerabilities throughout the organization and systematically targeting lower-tier players who serve as key cogs in the trafficking enterprise.

Those operations often attract little attention outside of Mexico, or in some cases, beyond even the specific region where they take place because the targets are not as well known. That has typically allowed the CIA’s involvement to remain a secret. The playbook is not much different than counterterrorism missions designed to destroy groups in the Middle East and elsewhere around the world, current and former US national security officials told CNN.

The operations may also be illegal under Mexican law — without the express permission of the federal government, foreign agents are barred from participating in law enforcement operations under the Mexican Constitution.

“It’s not at all clear that all of their missions are coordinated with the [Mexican] government,” said one of the sources.

CNN contacted the office of the Presidency of Mexico and the Secretariat of Foreign Affairs but did not receive comment before publication.

.

.

.

Click the link below for the complete article:

.

__________________________________________