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In March 1968, weeks before his death, Martin Luther King Jr. visited a school in Marks, Miss. He saw something there that witnesses said moved the activist to tears.
Poverty was disproportionately high among black Americans everywhere. But, down South in Marks, nearly 36 percent of the entire population lived in poverty, according to the 1960 census.
President Lyndon Johnson (D), deeply concerned about the number of Americans making do without indoor plumbing, basic health care, or adequate food, had already launched his Great Society social programs, aimed at eliminating poverty and racial injustice. He pioneered Head Start for preschool children, the beginnings of both Medicare and Medicaid, and an Economic Opportunity Act. Over the next decade, those programs helped slice the share of Americans living in poverty from about 22 percent to just under 14 percent.
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